TOWARDS THE SEMANTIC WEB

Contents
Foreword xiii
Biographies xv
List of Contributors xix
Acknowledgments xxi
1 Introduction 1
John Davies, Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen
1.1 The Semantic Web and Knowledge Management 2
1.2 The Role of Ontologies 4
1.3 An Architecture for Semantic Web-based Knowledge Management 5
1.3.1 Knowledge Acquisition 5
1.3.2 Knowledge Representation 6
1.3.3 Knowledge Maintenance 7
1.3.4 Knowledge Use 7
1.4 Tools for Semantic Web-based Knowledge Management 7
1.4.1 Knowledge Acquisition 8
1.4.2 Knowledge Representation 8
1.4.3 Knowledge Maintenance 8
1.4.4 Knowledge Use 8
2 OIL and DAML1OIL: Ontology Languages for the Semantic Web 11
Dieter Fensel, Frank van Harmelen and Ian Horrocks
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 The Semantic Web Pyramid of Languages 12
2.2.1 XML for Data Exchange 12
2.2.2 RDF for Assertions 13
2.2.3 RDF Schema for Simple Ontologies 14
2.3 Design Rationale for OIL 15
2.3.1 Frame-based Systems 16
2.3.2 Description Logics 17
2.3.3 Web Standards: XML and RDF 17
2.4 OIL Language Constructs 17
2.4.1 A Simple Example in OIL 18
2.5 Different Syntactic Forms 20
2.6 Language Layering 23
2.7 Semantics 26
2.8 From OIL to DAML1OIL 26
2.8.1 Integration with RDFS 26
2.8.2 Treatment of Individuals 29
2.8.3 DAML1OIL Data Types 29
2.9 Experiences and Future Developments 31
3 A Methodology for Ontology-based Knowledge Management 33
York Sure and Rudi Studer
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Feasibility Study 34
3.3 Kick Off Phase 38
3.4 Refinement Phase 41
3.5 Evaluation Phase 41
3.6 Maintenance and Evolution Phase 42
3.7 Related Work 42
3.7.1 Skeletal Methodology 43
3.7.2 KACTUS 44
3.7.3 Methontology 44
3.7.4 Formal Tools of Ontological Analysis 45
3.8 Conclusion 45
4 Ontology Management: Storing, Aligning and Maintaining Ontologies 47
Michel Klein, Ying Ding, Dieter Fensel and Borys Omelayenko
4.1 The Requirement for Ontology Management 47
4.2 Aligning Ontologies 48
4.2.1 Why is Aligning Needed 48
4.2.2 Aligning Annotated XML Documents 49
4.2.3 Mapping Meta-ontology 50
4.2.4 Mapping in OIL 53
4.3 Supporting Ontology Change 54
4.3.1 Ontologies are Changing 54
4.3.2 Changes in Ontologies Involve Several Problems 55
4.3.3 Change Management 58
4.4 Organizing Ontologies 61
4.4.1 Sesame Requirements 62
4.4.2 Functionality of an Ontology Storage System 62
4.4.3 Current Storage Systems 64
4.4.4 Requirements for a Storage System 66
4.5 Summary 69
5 Sesame: A Generic Architecture for Storing and Querying RDF and RDF
Schema 71
Jeen Broekstra, Arjohn Kampman and Frank van Harmelen
5.1 The Need for an RDFS Query Language 72
5.1.1 Querying at the Syntactic Level 72
5.1.2 Querying at the Structure Level 73
5.1.3 Querying at the Semantic Level 75
5.2 Sesame Architecture 76
5.2.1 The RQL Query module 78
5.2.2 The Admin Module 79
5.2.3 The RDF Export Module 80
5.3 The SAIL API 80
5.4 Experiences 82
5.4.1 Application: On-To-Knowledge 82
5.4.2 RDFS in Practice 84
5.4.3 PostgreSQL and SAIL 84
5.4.4 MySQL 86
5.5 Future Work 87
5.5.1 Transaction Rollback Support 87
5.5.2 Versioning Support 88
5.5.3 Adding and Extending Functional Modules 88
5.5.4 DAML1OIL Support 88
5.6 Conclusions 88
6 Generating Ontologies for the Semantic Web: OntoBuilder 91
R.H.P. Engels and T.Ch. Lech
6.1 Introduction 91
6.1.1 OntoBuilder and its Relation to the CORPORUM System 92
6.1.2 OntoExtract 93
6.1.3 OntoWrapper and TableAnalyser 96
6.2 Reading the Web 97
6.2.1 Semantics on the Internet 97
6.2.2 Problems with Retrieving Natural Language Texts from Documents 99
6.2.3 Document Handling 100
6.2.4 Normalization 100
6.2.5 Multiple Discourses 101
6.2.6 Document Class Categorization 102
6.2.7 Writing Style 102
6.2.8 Layout Issues 102
6.3 Information Extraction 103
6.3.1 Content-driven Versus Goal-driven 104
6.3.2 Levels of Linguistic Analysis 104
6.3.3 CognIT Vision 107
6.4 Knowledge Generation from Natural Language Documents 108
6.4.1 Syntax Versus Semantics 108
6.4.2 Generating Semantic Structures 109
6.4.3 Generating Ontologies from Textual Resources 110
6.4.4 Visualization and Navigation 111
6.5 Issues in Using Automated Text Extraction for Ontology Building using IE
on Web Resources 111
7 OntoEdit: Collaborative Engineering of Ontologies 117
York Sure, Michael Erdmann and Rudi Studer
7.1 Introduction 117
7.2 Kick Off Phase 118
7.3 Refinement Phase 123
7.3.1 Transaction Management 124
7.3.2 Locking Sub-trees of the Concept Hierarchy 126
7.3.3 What Does Locking a Concept Mean? 127
7.4 Evaluation Phase 128
7.4.1 Analysis of Typical Queries 128
7.4.2 Error Avoidance and Location 129
7.4.3 Usage of Competency Questions 129
7.4.4 Collaborative Evaluation 130
7.5 Related Work 130
7.6 Conclusion 131
8 QuizRDF: Search Technology for the Semantic Web 133
John Davies, Richard Weeks and Uwe Krohn
8.1 Introduction 133
8.2 Ontological Indexing 135
8.3 Ontological Searching 138
8.4 Alternative data models 141
8.4.1 Indexing in the New Model 141
8.4.2 Searching in the New Model 142
8.5 Further Work 142
8.5.1 Technical Enhancements 142
8.5.2 Evaluation 143
8.6 Concluding Remarks 143
9 Spectacle 145
Christiaan Fluit, Herko ter Horst, Jos van der Meer, Marta Sabou
and Peter Mika
9.1 Introduction 145
9.2 Spectacle Content Presentation Platform 145
9.2.1 Ontologies in Spectacle 146
9.3 Spectacle Architecture 147
9.4 Ontology-based Mapping Methodology 147
9.4.1 Information Entities 149
9.4.2 Ontology Mapping 149
9.4.3 Entity Rendering 150
9.4.4 Navigation Specification 150
9.4.5 Navigation Rendering 151
9.4.6 Views 152
9.4.7 User Profiles 152
9.5 Ontology-based Information Visualization 153
9.5.1 Analysis 153
9.5.2 Querying 156
9.5.3 Navigation 158
9.6 Summary: Semantics-based Web Presentations 159
10 OntoShare: Evolving Ontologies in a Knowledge Sharing System 161
John Davies, Alistair Duke and Audrius Stonkus
10.1 Introduction 161
10.2 Sharing and Retrieving Knowledge in OntoShare 162
10.2.1 Sharing Knowledge in OntoShare 163
10.2.2 Ontological Representation 164
10.2.3 Retrieving Explicit Knowledge in OntoShare 167
10.3 Creating Evolving Ontologies 169
10.4 Expertise Location and Tacit Knowledge 170
10.5 Sociotechnical Issues 172
10.5.1 Tacit and Explicit Knowledge Flows 172
10.5.2 Virtual Communities 173
10.6 Evaluation and Further Work 175
10.7 Concluding Remarks 176
11 Ontology Middleware and Reasoning 179
Atanas Kiryakov, Kiril Simov and Damyan Ognyanov
11.1 Ontology Middleware: Features and Architecture 179
11.1.1 Place in the On-To-Knowledge Architecture 181
11.1.2 Terminology 182
11.2 Tracking Changes, Versioning and Meta-information 183
11.2.1 Related Work 184
11.2.2 Requirements 184
11.3 Versioning Model for RDF(S) Repositories 185
11.3.1 History, Passing through Equivalent States 188
11.3.2 Versions are Labelled States of the Repository 188
11.3.3 Implementation Approach 188
11.3.4 Meta-information 190
11.4 Instance Reasoning for DAML1OIL 192
11.4.1 Inference Services 194
11.4.2 Functional Interfaces to a DAML1OIL Reasoner 195
12 Ontology-based Knowledge Management at Work: The Swiss Life Case
Studies 197
Ulrich Reimer, Peter Brockhausen, Thorsten Lau and Jacqueline R. Reich
12.1 Introduction 197
12.2 Skills Management 198
12.2.1 What is Skills Management? 198
12.2.2 SkiM: Skills Management at Swiss Life 200
12.2.3 Architecture of SkiM 202
12.2.4 SkiM as an Ontology-based Approach 203
12.2.5 Querying Facilities 207
12.2.6 Evaluation and Outlook 208
12.3 Automatically Extracting a ‘Lightweight Ontology’ from Text 209
12.3.1 Motivation 209
12.3.2 Automatic Ontology Extraction 210
12.3.3 Employing the Ontology for Querying 213
12.3.4 Evaluation and Outlook 215
12.4 Conclusions 217
13 Field Experimenting with Semantic Web Tools in a Virtual Organization 219
Victor Iosif, Peter Mika, Rikard Larsson and Hans Akkermans
13.1 Introduction 219
13.2 The EnerSearch Industrial Research Consortium as a Virtual Organization 219
13.3 Why Might Semantic Web Methods Help? 222
13.4 Design Considerations of Semantic Web Field Experiments 223
13.4.1 Different Information Modes 224
13.4.2 Different Target User Groups 224
13.4.3 Different Individual Cognitive Styles 225
13.4.4 Hypotheses to be Tested 228
13.5 Experimental Set-up in a Virtual Organization 229
13.5.1 Selecting Target Test Users 229
13.5.2 Tools for Test 230
13.5.3 Test Tasks and their Organization 230
13.5.4 Experimental Procedure 231
13.5.5 Determining What Data to Collect 232
13.5.6 Evaluation Matrix and Measurements 233
13.6 Technical and System Aspects of Semantic Web Experiments 234
13.6.1 System Design 234
13.6.2 Ontology Engineering, Population, Annotation 235
13.7 Ontology-based Information Retrieval: What Does it Look Like? 236
13.7.1 Ontology and Semantic Sitemaps 236
13.7.2 Semantics-based Information Retrieval 239
13.8 Some Lessons Learned 241
14 A Future Perspective: Exploiting Peer-to-Peer and the Semantic Web for
Knowledge Management 245
Dieter Fensel, Steffen Staab, Rudi Studer, Frank van Harmelen
and John Davies
14.1 Introduction 245
14.2 A Vision of Modern Knowledge Management 247
14.2.1 Knowledge Integration 247
14.2.2 Knowledge Categorization 247
14.2.3 Context Awareness 248
14.2.4 Personalization 248
14.2.5 Knowledge Portal Construction 249
14.2.6 Communities of Practice 249
14.2.7 P2P Computing and its Implications for KM 250
14.2.8 Virtual Organizations and their Impact 251
14.2.9 eLearning Systems 251
14.2.10 The Knowledge Grid 251
14.2.11 Intellectual Capital Valuation 252
14.3 A Vision of Ontologies: Dynamic Networks of Meaning 252
14.3.1 Ontologies or How to Escape a Paradox 253
14.3.2 Heterogeneity in Space: Ontology as Networks of Meaning 254
14.3.3 Development in Time: Living Ontologies 255
14.4 Peer-2-Peer, Ontologies and Knowledge 256
14.4.1 Shortcomings of Peer-2-Peer and Ontologies as Isolated Paradigms
256
14.4.2 Challenges in Integrating Peer-2-Peer and Ontologies 258
14.5 Conclusions 263
14.5.1 P2P for Knowledge Management 263
14.5.2 P2P for Ontologies 263
14.5.3 Ontologies for P2P and Knowledge Management 264
14.5.4 Community Building 264
15 Conclusions: Ontology-driven Knowledge Management – Towards the
Semantic Web? 265
John Davies, Dieter Fensel and Frank van Harmelen
References 267
Index 281

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A Muslim’s Guide to Prayer - Salah

CONTENTS

1. Contents 4-5
2. Preface 6
3. Chapter One: Ibadah & Revelation of Salah alah to Prophet
Muhammad PBUH 7-14
· Ibadah – Worship 7
· Revelation of Salah to Prophet Muhammad Pbuh 7
· Salah in the Holy Qur’an and Hadith 8-9
· Prophet Pbuh – The Best of Worshippers 9-12
· The Benefits of Salah 13
· Pictures of The Rawzah & Masjid-e-Nabawi s.a.w. 14
4. Chapter Two: Taharah – Purity in Islam 15-24
· What is Taharah? 15
· Types of Impurities/Najasaat 15-16
· The Water – Al-Maa’ 16
· Istinja – Cleaning of the Private Parts 17
· Wudhu - Ablution 18-22
· What Breaks the Wudhu 23
· What does not Break the Wudhu 23
· Actions Forbidden Without Wudhu or Tayammum 23
· Ghusl – Bath 23-24
· Tayammum – Dry Ablution 24
5. Chapter Three: Salah – Prayer 25-52
· The Names, Times and Rakaats of Daily Salah 25-26
· Witr Salah 27
· Sajdah Sahw – Prostration of Forgetfulness/Mistake 28-29
· Actions That Break the Prayer – Mufsidaat-e-Salah 29
· Actions Disliked During Prayer – Makroohat-e-Salah 29
· Times When Salah is Not To Be Performed 30
· Non-Daily Prayers 30
· Azaan – The Muslim Call to Prayer 31-33
· The Faraaidh of Salah – Compulsory Parts 34
· Photographs of Positions in Prayer for Males & Females 35-44
· The Sunnah Method of Performing the Prayer 45-51
· Dua and Zikr After Prayer 52
6. Chapter Four: Prayer Besides the daily y Salah & How to
Perform Them 53-62
· The Jumu’ah/Jum’ah – Friday Prayer 53-54
· The Salatul-Eidain –Eid Prayer 54-55
· The Tarawih Prayer 56-57
· The Janazah – Funeral Prayer 57-59
· The Musaafir’s (Traveler’s) Prayer 60-61
· Qaza (Missed) Prayer 62
· Mareez’s Prayer – Those Who Are Ill/Disabled 62
7. Chapter Five: Nafilah Salah (Superogatory/Optional
Prayer) 63-67
· Tahiyyatul-Wudhu 63
· Tahiyyatul-Masjid 63
· Ishraaq 63
· Duha/Chaasht 63
· Awwabeen 63
· Tahajjud 64
· Tasbeeh 64
· Istikhaarah 65-66
· Taubah 66
· Haajat 66-67
· Safar 67
· Khauf 67
· Istisqaa 67
· Kusoof 67
· Khusoof 67
8. Chapter Six: Aadab (Etiquettes/Manners) of The Masjid 68-69
9. Chapter Seven: Articles (Kalimaat) of Faith 70-75
· Zikr and articles of Faith 70
· Imaan Mufassal - Belief in Detail 71
· Imaan Mujmal - Belief in Brief 71
· First Kalima Tayyibah (Declaration of Faith) 72
· Second Kalimah Shahaadat (Witnessing) 72
· Third Kalimah Tamjeed (Glory of Allah) 73
· Fourth Kalimah Tawheed (Praise of Allah) 73
· Fifth Kalimah Istighfaar (Repenting/asking Allah’s
Forgiveness) 74
· Sixth Kalimah Radd-e-Kufr (Rejection of Disbelief) 75
10. Bibliography 76
11. Introduction to the Imam Ahmad Raza Institute Inter. 77

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Computer Networks, Fourth Edition

Computer Networks, Fourth Edition
By Andrew S. Tanenbaum

Publisher : Prentice Hall
Pub Date : March 17, 2003
ISBN : 0-13-066102-3
Pages : 384


Copyright
Other bestselling titles by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Preface
About the Author
Chapter 1. Introduction
Section 1.1. Uses of Computer Networks
Section 1.2. Network Hardware
Section 1.3. Network Software
Section 1.4. Reference Models
Section 1.5. Example Networks
Section 1.6. Network Standardization
Section 1.7. Metric Units
Section 1.8. Outline of the Rest of the Book
Section 1.9. Summary
Chapter 2. The Physical Layer
Section 2.1. The Theoretical Basis for Data Communication
Section 2.2. Guided Transmission Media
Section 2.3. Wireless Transmission
Section 2.4. Communication Satellites
Section 2.5. The Public Switched Telephone Network
Section 2.6. The Mobile Telephone System
Section 2.7. Cable Television
Section 2.8. Summary
Chapter 3. The Data Link Layer
Section 3.1. Data Link Layer Design Issues
Section 3.2. Error Detection and Correction
Section 3.3. Elementary Data Link Protocols
Section 3.4. Sliding Window Protocols
Section 3.5. Protocol Verification
Section 3.6. Example Data Link Protocols
Section 3.7. Summary
Chapter 4. The Medium Access Control Sublayer
Section 4.1. The Channel Allocation Problem
Section 4.2. Multiple Access Protocols
Section 4.3. Ethernet
Section 4.4. Wireless LANs
Section 4.5. Broadband Wireless
Section 4.6. Bluetooth
Section 4.7. Data Link Layer Switching
Section 4.8. Summary
Chapter 5. The Network Layer
Section 5.1. Network Layer Design Issues
Section 5.2. Routing Algorithms
Section 5.3. Congestion Control Algorithms
Section 5.4. Quality of Service
Section 5.5. Internetworking
Section 5.6. The Network Layer in the Internet
Section 5.7. Summary
Chapter 6. The Transport Layer
Section 6.1. The Transport Service
Section 6.2. Elements of Transport Protocols
Section 6.3. A Simple Transport Protocol
Section 6.4. The Internet Transport Protocols: UDP
Section 6.5. The Internet Transport Protocols: TCP
Section 6.6. Performance Issues
Section 6.7. Summary
Chapter 7. The Application Layer
Section 7.1. DNS—The Domain Name System
Section 7.2. Electronic Mail
Section 7.3. The World Wide Web
Section 7.4. Multimedia
Section 7.5. Summary
Chapter 8. Network Security
Section 8.1. Cryptography
Section 8.2. Symmetric-Key Algorithms
Section 8.3. Public-Key Algorithms
Section 8.4. Digital Signatures
Section 8.5. Management of Public Keys
Section 8.6. Communication Security
Section 8.7. Authentication Protocols
Section 8.8. E-Mail Security
Section 8.9. Web Security
Section 8.10. Social Issues
Section 8.11. Summary
Chapter 9. Reading List and Bibliography
Section 9.1. Suggestions for Further Reading
Section 9.1.1. Introduction and General Works
Section 9.2. Alphabetical Bibliography

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Advanced Data Structures

Contents
Preface page xi
1 Elementary Structures 1
1.1 Stack 1
1.2 Queue 8
1.3 Double-Ended Queue 16
1.4 Dynamical Allocation of Nodes 16
1.5 Shadow Copies of Array-Based Structures 18
2 Search Trees 23
2.1 Two Models of Search Trees 23
2.2 General Properties and Transformations 26
2.3 Height of a Search Tree 29
2.4 Basic Find, Insert, and Delete 31
2.5 Returning fromLeaf to Root 35
2.6 Dealing with Nonunique Keys 37
2.7 Queries for the Keys in an Interval 38
2.8 Building Optimal Search Trees 40
2.9 Converting Trees into Lists 47
2.10 Removing a Tree 48
3 Balanced Search Trees 50
3.1 Height-Balanced Trees 50
3.2 Weight-Balanced Trees 61
3.3 (a, b)- and B-Trees 72
3.4 Red-Black Trees and Trees of Almost Optimal Height 89
3.5 Top-Down Rebalancing for Red-Black Trees 101
3.6 Trees with Constant Update Time at a Known Location 111
3.7 Finger Trees and Level Linking 114
3.8 Trees with Partial Rebuilding: Amortized Analysis 119
3.9 Splay Trees: Adaptive Data Structures 122
3.10 Skip Lists: Randomized Data Structures 135
3.11 Joining and Splitting Balanced Search Trees 143
4 Tree Structures for Sets of Intervals 148
4.1 Interval Trees 148
4.2 Segment Trees 154
4.3 Trees for the Union of Intervals 162
4.4 Trees for Sums of Weighted Intervals 169
4.5 Trees for Interval-Restricted Maximum Sum Queries 174
4.6 Orthogonal Range Trees 182
4.7 Higher-Dimensional Segment Trees 196
4.8 Other Systems of Building Blocks 199
4.9 Range-Counting and the Semigroup Model 202
4.10 kd-Trees and Related Structures 204
5 Heaps 209
5.1 Balanced Search Trees as Heaps 210
5.2 Array-Based Heaps 214
5.3 Heap-Ordered Trees and Half-Ordered Trees 221
5.4 Leftist Heaps 227
5.5 Skew Heaps 235
5.6 Binomial Heaps 239
5.7 Changing Keys in Heaps 248
5.8 Fibonacci Heaps 250
5.9 Heaps of Optimal Complexity 262
5.10 Double-Ended Heap Structures and Multidimensional
Heaps 267
5.11 Heap-Related Structures with Constant-Time Updates 271
6 Union-Find and Related Structures 278
6.1 Union-Find: Merging Classes of a Partition 279
6.2 Union-Find with Copies and Dynamic Segment Trees 293
6.3 List Splitting 303
6.4 Problems on Root-Directed Trees 306
6.5 Maintaining a Linear Order 317
7 Data Structure Transformations 321
7.1 Making Structures Dynamic 321
7.2 Making Structures Persistent 330
8 Data Structures for Strings 335
8.1 Tries and Compressed Tries 336
8.2 Dictionaries Allowing Errors in Queries 356
8.3 Suffix Trees 360
8.4 Suffix Arrays 367
9 Hash Tables 374
9.1 Basic Hash Tables and Collision Resolution 374
9.2 Universal Families of Hash Functions 380
9.3 Perfect Hash Functions 391
9.4 Hash Trees 397
9.5 Extendible Hashing 398
9.6 Membership Testers and Bloom Filters 402
10 Appendix 406
10.1 The Pointer Machine and Alternative Computation
Models 406
10.2 External Memory Models and Cache-Oblivious
Algorithms 408
10.3 Naming of Data Structures 409
10.4 Solving Linear Recurrences 410
10.5 Very Slowly Growing Functions 412
11 References 415
Author Index 441
Subject Index 455

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Arabic For Dummies

Contents at a Glance
Introduction .................................................................1
Part I: Getting Started ..................................................7
Chapter 1: You Already Know a Little Arabic .................................................................9
Chapter 2: The Nitty-Gritty: Basic Arabic Grammar ....................................................19
Chapter 3: ‘as-salaamu ‘alaykum!: Greetings and Introductions ................................49
Part II: Arabic in Action..............................................59
Chapter 4: Getting to Know You: Making Small Talk....................................................61
Chapter 5: This Is Delicious! Eating In and Dining Out ................................................81
Chapter 6: Going Shopping .............................................................................................99
Chapter 7: Around Town ...............................................................................................121
Chapter 8: Enjoying Yourself: Recreation....................................................................143
Chapter 9: Talking on the Phone ..................................................................................155
Chapter 10: At the Office and Around the House.......................................................167
Part III: Arabic on the Go..........................................187
Chapter 11: Money, Money, Money ..............................................................................189
Chapter 12: Asking for Directions ................................................................................205
Chapter 13: Staying at a Hotel.......................................................................................217
Chapter 14: Getting from Here to There: Transportation .........................................239
Chapter 15: Planning a Trip...........................................................................................261
Chapter 16: Handling an Emergency............................................................................281
Part IV: The Part of Tens ...........................................293
Chapter 17: Ten Ways to Pick Up Arabic Quickly.......................................................295
Chapter 18: Ten Things You Should Never Do in an Arab Country .........................299
Chapter 19: Ten Favorite Arabic Expressions.............................................................305
Chapter 20: Ten Great Arabic Proverbs.......................................................................311
Part V: Appendixes ...................................................315
Appendix A: Verb Tables ...............................................................................................317
Appendix B: Arabic-English Mini-Dictionary ..............................................................331
Appendix C: Answer Key ...............................................................................................345
Appendix D: About the CD ............................................................................................351
Index .......................................................................353

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Programming Microsoft Windows CE

Introduction

I was introduced to Microsoft Windows CE right before it was released in the fall of 1996. A Windows programmer for many years, I was intrigued by an operating system that applied the well-known Windows API to a smaller, more power-conserving operating system. The distillation of the API for smaller machines enables tens of thousands of Windows programmers to write applications for an entirely new class of systems. The subtle differences, however, make writing Windows CE code somewhat different from writing for Windows 98 or Windows NT. It's those differences that I'll address in this book.
Just What Is Windows CE?

Windows CE is the newest, smallest, and arguably the most interesting of the Microsoft Windows operating systems. Windows CE was designed from the ground up to be a small, ROM-based operating system with a Win32 subset API. Windows CE extends the Windows API into the markets and machines that can't support the larger footprints of Windows 98 and Windows NT.

Windows 98 is a great operating system for users who need backward compatibility with DOS and Windows 2.x and 3.x programs. While it has shortcomings, Windows 98 succeeds amazingly well at this difficult task. Windows NT, on the other hand, is written for the enterprise. It sacrifices compatibility and size to achieve its high level of reliability and robustness.

Windows CE isn't backward compatible with MS-DOS or Windows. Nor is it an all-powerful operating system designed for enterprise computing. Instead, Windows CE is a lightweight, multithreaded operating system with an optional graphical user interface. Its strength lies in its small size, its Win32 subset API, and its multiplatform support.
Products Based on Windows CE

The first products designed for Windows CE were handheld "organizer" type devices with 480-by-240 or 640-240 screens and chiclets keyboards. These devices, dubbed Handheld PCs, were first introduced at Fall Comdex 96. Fall Comdex 97 saw the release of a dramatically upgraded version of the operating system, Windows CE 2.0,with newer hardware in a familiar form—this time the box came with a 640-by-240-landscape screen and a somewhat larger keyboard.

In January 1998 at the Consumer Electronics Show, Microsoft announced two new platforms, the Palm-size PC and the Auto PC. The Palm-size PC was aimed directly at the pen-based organizer market currently dominated by the Palm Pilot. The Palm-size PC sports a portrait mode, 240-by-320 screen and uses stylus-based input. A number of Palm-size PCs are on the market today.

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Siapa Bilang Jadi Karyawan Nggak Bisa Kaya?

Banyak orang bilang “Kalau mau kaya, jangan lama-lama jadi karyawan. Keluar
dan bukalah usaha sendiri.” Pertanyaannya: betulkah bekerja sebagai karyawan
tidak bisa membuat Anda jadi kaya? Jawabannya: ternyata tidak betul…!
Dalam buku ini, ada 5 kiat agar seorang karyawan bisa jadi kaya:
1. Beli & Miliki Sebanyak Mungkin Harta Produktif,
2. Atur Pengeluaran Anda,
3. Hati-hati dengan Utang,
4. Sisihkan untuk Masa Depan,
5. Miliki Proteksi.
Dipenuhi dengan sejumlah contoh serta langkah praktis untuk setiap kiatnya, buku ini
pantas menjadi pegangan bagi Anda yang bekerja sebagai karyawan.

“Akhirnya … tidak perlu berhenti kerja dari kantor untuk jadi kaya. Buku ini
memberikan kiat-kiat yang sederhana, tapi powerful untuk menjamin masa depan.”
Fifi Aleyda Yahya
Presenter – Metro TV

“… kiat-kiat dalam buku ini telah mematahkan teori Kiyosaki bahwa hanya
pengusaha atau investor yang bisa menjadi kaya.”
Gung Panggodo Supryanto
Redaktur Eksekutif – Tabloid Bisnis Uang

“Buku ini berusaha menepis gambaran umum bahwa yang namanya karyawan nggak
bisa kaya. Dan ternyata berhasil …!”
Arief Agus “Lengky”
Knowledge Management Manager – PT Excelcomindo Pratama

Safir Senduk adalah seorang Perencana Keuangan yang bertugas membantu
perorangan dan keluarga dalam mencapai tujuan-tujuan keuangan mereka. Ia adalah
pendiri Safir Senduk & Rekan, sebuah Biro Perencanaan Keuangan yang pertama di
Indonesia. Selain melayani klien, ia telah bebicara di depan ribuan orang─baik dalam
bentuk seminar maupun pelatihan─tentang perencanaan keuangan. Ia juga mendirikan
situs www.perencanakeuangan.com sebuah situs perencanaan keuangan yang terbesar
dan terlengkap di Indonesia.

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Core Java™ 2: Volume I–Fundamentals

Table of Contents
List of Tables, Code Examples and Figures....................................................................... 1
Tables ................................................................................................................................ 1
Code Examples................................................................................................................... 1
Figures............................................................................................................................... 3
Preface .................................................................................................................................. 7
To the Reader ..................................................................................................................... 7
About This Book ................................................................................................................8
Conventions..................................................................................................................... 10
CD-ROM.......................................................................................................................... 11
Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 1. An Introduction to Java ................................................................................. 13
Java as a Programming Tool ............................................................................................ 13
Advantages of Java........................................................................................................... 14
The Java “White Paper” Buzzwords ................................................................................ 15
Java and the Internet......................................................................................................... 22
A Short History of Java.................................................................................................... 24
Common Misconceptions About Java.............................................................................. 26
Chapter 2. The Java Programming Environment .......................................................... 30
Installing the Java Software Development Kit................................................................. 30
Development Environments............................................................................................. 34
Using the Command Line Tools ...................................................................................... 35
Using an Integrated Development Environment.............................................................. 38
Compiling and Running Programs from a Text Editor .................................................... 42
Graphical Applications..................................................................................................... 46
Applets ............................................................................................................................. 49
Chapter 3. Fundamental Programming Structures in Java .......................................... 54
A Simple Java Program.................................................................................................... 54
Comments........................................................................................................................ 57
Data Types........................................................................................................................ 58
Variables.......................................................................................................................... 62
Assignments and Initializations ....................................................................................... 63
Operators .......................................................................................................................... 65
Strings.............................................................................................................................. 73
Control Flow .................................................................................................................... 87
Big Numbers .................................................................................................................. 106
Arrays ............................................................................................................................. 108
Chapter 4. Objects and Classes....................................................................................... 123
Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming .............................................................. 123
Using Existing Classes ................................................................................................... 131
Building Your Own Classes........................................................................................... 143
Static Fields and Methods .............................................................................................. 155
Method Parameters......................................................................................................... 161
Object Construction........................................................................................................ 168
Packages ......................................................................................................................... 177
Documentation Comments............................................................................................. 187
Class Design Hints ......................................................................................................... 192
Chapter 5. Inheritance..................................................................................................... 195
Extending Classes .......................................................................................................... 195
Object: The Cosmic Superclass ................................................................................... 216
The Class Class ............................................................................................................. 240
Reflection ....................................................................................................................... 244
Design Hints for Inheritance .......................................................................................... 262
Chapter 6. Interfaces and Inner Classes ........................................................................ 265
Interfaces ........................................................................................................................ 265
Object Cloning ............................................................................................................... 276
Inner Classes .................................................................................................................. 282
Proxies........................................................................................................................... 299
Chapter 7. Graphics Programming................................................................................ 306
Introduction to Swing..................................................................................................... 306
Creating a Frame ............................................................................................................ 310
Frame Positioning .......................................................................................................... 314
Displaying Information in a Panel ................................................................................. 319
2D Shapes....................................................................................................................... 326
Colors ............................................................................................................................. 335
Text and Fonts................................................................................................................ 340
Images ............................................................................................................................ 351
Chapter 8. Event Handling.............................................................................................. 358
Basics of Event Handling............................................................................................... 358
The AWT Event Hierarchy ............................................................................................ 378
Semantic and Low-Level Events in the AWT ............................................................... 380
Low-Level Event Types ................................................................................................. 384
Actions ........................................................................................................................... 402
Multicasting................................................................................................................... 411
The Event Queue............................................................................................................ 414
Chapter 9. User Interface Components with Swing...................................................... 424
The Model-View-Controller Design Pattern.................................................................. 424
An Introduction to Layout Management........................................................................ 430
Text Input ....................................................................................................................... 437
Making Choices.............................................................................................................. 464
Menus............................................................................................................................ 488
Sophisticated Layout Management ................................................................................ 512
Dialog Boxes .................................................................................................................. 540
Chapter 10. Applets.......................................................................................................... 582
Applet Basics.................................................................................................................. 582
The Applet HTML Tags and Attributes......................................................................... 600
Multimedia ..................................................................................................................... 614
The Applet Context ........................................................................................................ 617
JAR Files ........................................................................................................................ 628
Chapter 11. Exceptions and Debugging ......................................................................... 640
Dealing with Errors ........................................................................................................ 640
Catching Exceptions....................................................................................................... 648
Some Tips on Using Exceptions .................................................................................... 658
Debugging Techniques................................................................................................... 661
Using a Debugger........................................................................................................... 684
Chapter 12. Streams and Files ........................................................................................ 693
Streams ........................................................................................................................... 693
The Complete Stream Zoo ............................................................................................. 696
ZIP File Streams............................................................................................................. 718
Putting Streams to Use ................................................................................................... 727
Object Streams ............................................................................................................... 741
File Management............................................................................................................ 768
Appendix Java Keywords................................................................................................ 776

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Summariised Riiyadhu Us Salleheen

Summariised Riiyadhu--Us--Salleheen
Table of Contents
1. ON SINCERITY AND HAVING AN INTENTION FOR ALL ACTIONS, WORDS AND STATES, OUTWARD
AND INWARD.....................................................................................................................................................................14
2. CHAPTER ON REPENTANCE ...................................................................................................................................15
3. CHAPTER ON STEADFASTNESS............................................................................................................................16
4. CHAPTER: ON TRUTHFULNESS ..............................................................................................................................17
5. CHAPTER: ON WATCHFULNESS............................................................................................................................17
6. CHAPTER: ON FEARFUL AWARENESS OF ALLAH (TAQWA) .........................................................................18
7. CHAPTER: CERTAINTY AND TRUST IN ALLAH...................................................................................................18
8. CHAPTER: ON GOING STRAIGHT (ISTIQAMA).....................................................................................................19
9. CHAPTER: REFLECTING ON THE IMMENSE CREATION OF ALLAH ALMIGHTY, THE PASSING OF
THIS WORLD, THE TERRORS OF THE NEXT WORLD, AND OTHER MATTERS. ON THE NEGLIGENCE OF
THE SELF, DISCIPLINING IT AND FORCING IT TO GO STRAIGHT......................................................................19
10. CHAPTER: ON HASTENING TO PERFORM GOOD ACTIONS, AND ON ENCOURAGING THE ONE
WHO INTENDS TO DO SOMETHING TO GO AHEAD AND DO IT WITH DILIGENCE AND NOT TO
HESITATE...........................................................................................................................................................................19
11. CHAPTER: ON STRIVING (MUJAHADA) ...............................................................................................................19
12. ON THE ENCOURAGEMENT TO INCREASE GOOD ACTIONS IN THE LATER PART OF ONE'S LIFE .20
13. CHAPTER: ON THE CLARIFICATION OF THE MANY PATHS OF GOOD......................................................20
14. ON MODERATION IN WORSHIP.............................................................................................................................21
16. CHAPTER: ON THE COMMAND TO FOLLOW THE SUNNA AND ITS ADAB ...............................................21
17 ON THE OBLIGATION TO OBEY THE JUDGEMENT OF ALLAH, WHAT IS SAID BY THOSE WHO ARE
SUMMONED TO THAT, AND COMMANDING THE RIGHT AND FORBIDDING THE WRONG .........................22
18. ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST INNOVATIONS AND NEW MATTERS.......................................................22
19. CHAPTER: ON THE ONE WHO MAKES A GOOD OR BAD SUNNA...............................................................22
20. ON SHOWING THE WAY TO GOOD AND CALLING TO GUIDANCE OR MISGUIDANCE..........................23
21. HELPING ONE ANOTHER TO GOODNESS AND FEAR OF ALLAH ...............................................................23
22 ON GOOD COUNSEL .................................................................................................................................................23
23. CHAPTER: ON COMMANDING THE RIGHT AND FORBIDDING THE WRONG............................................23
24. ON THE HARSH PUNISHMENT OF SOMEONE WHO COMMANDS RIGHT OR FORBIDS WRONG
WHILE HIS OWN ACTIONS CONTRADICT WHAT HE SAYS ..................................................................................24
25. CHAPTER: ON THE COMMAND TO DELIVER TRUSTS....................................................................................24
26. CHAPTER: ON INJUSTICE AND THE COMMAND TO MAKE RESTITUTION IN CASES OF INJUSTICE24
27. CHAPTER: ON RESPECTING THE SACRED THINGS OF THE MUSLIMS, CLARIFICATION OF THEIR
RIGHTS AND HAVING COMPASSION AND MERCY FOR THEM...........................................................................25
28. CHAPTER: VEILING THE FAULTS OF MUSLIMS AND THE PROHIBITION AGAINST DIVULGING THEM
WITHOUT NECESSITY ....................................................................................................................................................25
29. CHAPTER: TAKING CARE OF THE NEEDS OF THE MUSLIMS ......................................................................26
31. CHAPTER: ON PUTTING THINGS RIGHT BETWEEN PEOPLE.......................................................................26
32. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF THE WEAK, POOR AND OBSCURE MUSLIMS............................26
33. CHAPTER: KINDNESS TO ORPHANS, GIRLS, THE WEAK, THE VERY POOR, AND THE
DOWNTRODDEN. TREATING THEM WELL, COMPASSION TOWARDS THEM, HUMILITY WITH THEM,
AND GENTLENESS TOWARDS THEM.........................................................................................................................26
34. CHAPTER: TREATING WOMEN WELL..................................................................................................................26
35. CHAPTER: ON THE RIGHTS OF A HUSBAND FROM HIS WIFE.....................................................................27
36. CHAPTER: SPENDING ON ONE'S FAMILY ..........................................................................................................27
37: SPENDING OUT OF WHAT ONE LOVES AND SPENDING WHAT IS EXCELLENT ....................................27
38. CHAPTER: ON THE OBLIGATION TO COMMAND ONE'S FAMILY AND CHILDREN AND WHOEVER IS
IN ONE'S CARE TO OBEY ALLAH, AND TO FORBID THEM TO OPPOSE HIM, TEACHING THEM PROPER
BEHAVIOUR AND PREVENTING THEM FROM COMMITTING WHAT IS PROHIBITED....................................27
39. CHAPTER: THE RIGHT OF THE NEIGHBOUR AND TREATING HIM WELL .................................................28
40. CHAPTER: ON DUTIFULNESS TO PARENTS AND MAINTAINING TIES OF KINSHIP...............................28
41. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION OF DISOBEYING PARENTS AND SEVERING TIES OF KINSHIP ...28
42. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF DUTIFULNESS SHOWN TO THE FRIENDS OF ONE'S FATHER
AND MOTHER, RELATIVES, WIFE, AND OTHERS WHOM ONE SHOULD HONOUR.......................................29
44. CHAPTER: RESPECT FOR PEOPLE OF KNOWLEDGE, THE GREAT AND PEOPLE OF IMPORTANCE,
AND PUTTING THEM AHEAD OF OTHERS, RAISING WHERE THEY SIT AND SHOWING THEIR RANK ...29
45. CHAPTER: ON VISITING THE PEOPLE OF VIRTUE, SITTING WITH THEM, KEEPING THEIR
COMPANY, LOVING THEM, SEEKING VISITS AND SUPPLICATION FROM THEM, AND VISITING PLACES
OF VIRTUE .........................................................................................................................................................................29
46. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF LOVE FOR THE SAKE OF ALLAH AND ENCOURAGING IT, AND A
MAN WHO LOVES ANOTHER INFORMING HIM OF THAT AND WHAT HE SAYS TO HIM WHEN HE
INFORMS HIM....................................................................................................................................................................29
50. CHAPTER: ON FEAR ................................................................................................................................................30
51. CHAPTER: ON HOPE................................................................................................................................................30
53. CHAPTER: ON COMBINING FEAR AND HOPE...................................................................................................31
55. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF MAKING DO WITH LITTLE OF THIS WORLD AND THE
ENCOURAGEMENT TO HAVE LITTLE OF IT AND THE EXCELLENCE OF POVERTY.....................................31
56. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF HUNGER, A SIMPLE LIVE STYLE, AND CONFINING ONESELF
TO LITTLE IN FOOD, DRINK, CLOTHING AND OTHER THINGS WHICH ARE THE PORTION OF THE SELF,
AND ABANDONING APPETITES ..................................................................................................................................32
57. CHAPTER: ON CONTENTMENT, SELF-RESTRAINT, MODERATION IN LIFE STYLE AND SPENDING,
AND CRITICISM OF ASKING WITHOUT NECESSITY...............................................................................................32
58. CHAPTER: ON THE PERMISSION TO TAKE THAT WHICH IS NOT ASKED FOR NOR SOUGHT AFTER
...............................................................................................................................................................................................33
59. CHAPTER: THE ENCOURAGEMENT TO EAT FROM THE WORK OF ONE'S OWN HAND, AND TO
REFRAIN FROM ASKING AND TURNING TO GIVING..............................................................................................33
60. CHAPTER: ON GENEROSITY, MAGNANIMITY AND SPENDING IN GOOD WAYS WITH TRUST IN
ALLAH ALMIGHTY ...........................................................................................................................................................33
61. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING MISERLINESS AND AVARICE ..........................................................................33
62. CHAPTER: ON PREFERRING OTHERS AND HELPING OTHERS ..................................................................34
63. CHAPTER: ON THE DESIRE FOR IN MATTERS WHICH PERTAIN TO THE NEXT WORLD AND
SEEKING TO HAVE A LOT OF THAT WHICH IS BLESSED ....................................................................................34
64. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF THE GRATEFUL WEALTHY PERSON. HE IS THE ONE WHO
TAKES WEALTH PROPERLY AND SPENDS IT THE WAYS WHICH HAVE BEEN COMMANDED.................34
65. CHAPTER: ON REMEMBERING DEATH AND CONSTRAINING EXPECTATION ........................................34
66. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION FOR MEN TO VISIT THE GRAVES AND WHAT THE ONE
WHO VISITS THEM SAYS...............................................................................................................................................35
67. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO WISH FOR DEATH BECAUSE OF SOME HARM WHICH HAS
BEFALLEN A PERSON, BUT THERE IS NO OBJECTION TO IT IF IT IS BECAUSE OF FEAR OF TRIAL IN
THE DEEN ..........................................................................................................................................................................35
68. CHAPTER: ON SCRUPULOUSNESS AND ABANDONING THINGS THAT ARE DOUBTFUL ...................35
69. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO WITHDRAW WHEN THINGS ARE CORRUPT OR ONE
FEARS A TEMPTATION IN ONE'S DEEN OR FALLING INTO THE UNLAWFUL AND DOUBTFUL THINGS36
70. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF HAVING DEALINGS WITH PEOPLE AND ATTENDING THEIR
GATHERINGS AND GROUP PRAYERS, THEIR 'IDS AND GATHERINGS OF DHIKR, VISITING THOSE
WHO ARE ILL, ATTENDING THEIR FUNERALS, HELPING THE ONE IN NEED, GUIDING THE WHO IS
IGNORANT, AND OTHER THINGS WHICH ARE IN THEIR BEST INTERESTS IN THE CASE OF SOMEONE
WHO IS ABLE TO COMMAND THE GOOD AND FORBID THE WRONG, AND PREVENTING ONESELF
FROM CAUSING INJURY AND ENDURING INJURY.................................................................................................36
71. CHAPTER: ON HUMILITY AND BEING GENTLE WITH THE BELIEVERS.....................................................36
72. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION OF PRIDE AND ARROGANCE.................................................................36
73. CHAPTER: ON GOOD CHARACTER......................................................................................................................37
74. CHAPTER: ON FORBEARANCE, PATIENCE AND KINDNESS........................................................................37
75. CHAPTER: ON PARDON AND TURNING AWAY FROM THE IGNORANT.....................................................38
76. CHAPTER: ON ENDURING INJURY .......................................................................................................................38
77. CHAPTER: ON ANGER WHEN THE SACRED THINGS OF THE SHARI'A ARE VIOLATED AND
HELPING THE DEEN OF ALLAH ALMIGHTY..............................................................................................................38
78. CHAPTER: ON COMMANDING THOSE IN AUTHORITY TO BE KIND TO THEIR SUBJECTS, TO GIVE
THEM GOOD COUNSEL AND TO BE COMPASSIONATE TO THEM, AND FORBIDDING THOSE IN
AUTHORITY FROM CHEATING THEM, BEING HARSH TO THEM, OVERLOOKING THEIR BEST
INTERESTS AND BEING UNMINDFUL OF THEM AND THEIR NEEDS.................................................................39
79. CHAPTER: ON THE JUST RULER ..........................................................................................................................39
80. CHAPTER: ON THE OBLIGATION TO OBEY THOSE IN AUTHORITY AS LONG AS IT IS NOT A
WRONG ACTION, AND THE PROHIBITION AGAINST OBEYING THEM IN AN ACT OF REBELLION
AGAINST ALLAH..............................................................................................................................................................40
81. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST SEEKING AUTHORITY AND THE OPTION OF NOT
ACCEPTING IT IF IT IS NOT SPECIFIC TO HIM OR IF HE IS NOT REQUIRED...................................................40
82. CHAPTER: ON ENCOURAGING THE SULTAN, QADI AND OTHERS IN AUTHORITY TO ADOPT A
RIGHTEOUS COUNSELLOR AND WARNING THEM AGAINST BAD COMPANY AND ACCEPTING THEIR
ADVICE................................................................................................................................................................................40
83. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST GRANTING APPOINTMENT AS AMIRS AND JUDGES
AND POSITIONS OF AUTHORITY TO THOSE WHO ASKED FOR IT OR INDIRECTLY EXPRESS DESIRE
FOR THAT ..........................................................................................................................................................................40
BOOK OF ADAB (MANNERS)........................................................................................................................................41
84. CHAPTER: ON MODESTY AND ITS EXCELLENCE, AND ENCOURAGING PEOPLE TO AFFECT IT.....41
85. CHAPTER: ON KEEPING SECRETS.......................................................................................................................41
86. CHAPTER: ON FULFILLING CONTRACTS AND KEEPING PROMISES ........................................................41
87. CHAPTER: ON THE COMMAND TO CONTINUE TO PERFORM GOOD ACTIONS WHICH ARE ONE'S
HABIT ..................................................................................................................................................................................41
88. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO SPEAK GOOD WORDS AND DISPLAY A CHEERFUL
FACE WHEN YOU MEET SOMEONE ............................................................................................................................42
89. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO SPEAK PLAINLY AND CLEARLY AND ON REPEATING
THINGS SO THAT THE ONE WHO DID NOT UNDERSTOOD THEM WILL UNDERSTAND..............................42
90. CHAPTER: ON LISTENING TO ONE'S COMPANION AS LONG AS IT IS NOT UNLAWFUL, AND
LISTENING CAREFULLY TO SCHOLARS AND ADMONISHERS...........................................................................42
91. CHAPTER: ON ADMONITION AND MODERATION IN IT...................................................................................42
92. CHAPTER: ON DIGNITY AND CALMNESS...........................................................................................................42
93. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION OF GOING TO THE PRAYER AND TO KNOWLEDGE AND
OTHER FORMS OF WORSHIP WITH CALMNESS AND DIGNITY..........................................................................42
94. CHAPTER: ON HONOURING THE GUEST............................................................................................................42
95. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO CONVEY GOOD NEWS AND CONGRATULATE PEOPLE
...............................................................................................................................................................................................43
96. CHAPTER: ON SOMEONE SAYING FAREWELL AND HIS ADVICE WHEN HE DEPARTS ON A
JOURNEY AND SUPPLICATION FOR HIM AND BY HIM .........................................................................................43
97. CHAPTER: ON THE ISTIKHARA AND CONSULTATION ...................................................................................43
98. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION ON GOING TO THE 'ID, VISITING THE SICK, GOING ON
HAJJ, EXPEDITIONS, FUNERALS, ETC, BY ONE ROUTE, AND RETURNING BY A DIFFERENT ROUTE IN
INCREASE THE NUMBER OF PLACES OF WORSHIP.............................................................................................44
99. CHAPTER: THE RECOMMENDATION TO USE THE RIGHT FIRST IN THINGS THAT ENTAIL HONOUR,
LIKE WUDU', GHUSL, AND TAYAMMUM, PUTTING ON CLOTHES, SHOES, LEATHER SOCKS AND
TROUSERS, ENTERING THE MOSQUE, USING THE SIWAK STICK, USING KOHL, CUTTING NAILS,
TRIMMING THE MOUSTACHE, PLUCKING THE ARMPIT AND SHAVING THE HEAD, GIVING THE SALAM
IN THE PRAYER, EATING AND DRINKING, SHAKING HANDS, GREETING THE BLACK STONE, LEAVING
THE LAVATORY, TAKING THE GIFT, AND OTHER SUCH THINGS. THE RECOMMENDATION TO USE
THE LEFT IN THE OPPOSITE OF THAT, LIKE BLOWING THE NOSE, SPITTING, ENTERING THE
LAVATORY AND LEAVING THE MOSQUE, REMOVING LEATHER SOCKS, SANDALS, TROUSERS AND
CLOTHES, CLEANING ONESELF IN THE LAVATORY, DOING UNCLEAN THINGS, AND THE LIKE...........44
BOOK ON THE ADAB RELATED TO FOOD................................................................................................................44
100. CHAPTER: ON SAYING THE BASMALA WHEN STARTING TO EAT AND PRAISING ALLAH
AFTERWARDS ..................................................................................................................................................................44
101. CHAPTER: ON NOT CRITICISING FOOD AND THE RECOMMENDATION TO PRAISE IT ......................44
102. CHAPTER: ON WHAT SOMEONE SAYS WHEN FOOD IS BROUGHT WHEN HE IS FASTING AND HE
DOES NOT BREAK HIS FAST .......................................................................................................................................44
103. CHAPTER: ON WHAT SOMEONE SAYS WHEN INVITED TO EAT AND IS FOLLOWED BY SOMEONE
...............................................................................................................................................................................................45
104. CHAPTER: ON EATING FROM IN FRONT OF ONE AND INSTRUCTING SOMEONE WHO EATS
BADLY.................................................................................................................................................................................45
105. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST JOINING TWO DATES OR THE LIKE TOGETHER
WHEN A GROUP EAT WITHOUT HIS COMPANIONS' PERMISSION....................................................................45
106. CHAPTER: WHAT ONE SAYS AND DOES WHEN HE EATS WITHOUT BECOMING FULL ....................45
107. CHAPTER: ON THE COMMAND TO EAT FROM THE SIDE OF THE DISH AND THE PROHIBITION
AGAINST EATING FROM THE MIDDLE .......................................................................................................................45
108. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO EAT RECLINING...............................................................................45
109: CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO EAT WITH THREE FINGERS AND THE
RECOMMENDATION TO LICK THE FINGERS. IT BEING DISLIKED TO WIPE THEM BEFORE LICKING
THEM. THE RECOMMENDATION TO LICK THE PLATE AND PICK UP THE MORSEL WHICH HAS FALLEN
AND EAT IT. PERMISSION TO WIPE THE HAND ON THE ARM, FOOT, ETC. AFTER LICKING IT................45
110. CHAPTER: ON A LOT OF HANDS FOR THE FOOD.........................................................................................46
111. CHAPTER: ON THE PROPER MANNER OF DRINKING AND THE RECOMMENDATION TO TAKE
THREE BREATHS OUTSIDE THE VESSEL AND IT BEING DISLIKED TO BREATHE INTO THE VESSEL.
THE RECOMMENDATION TO PASS THE VESSEL AROUND TO THE RIGHT....................................................46
112. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO DRINK FROM THE MOUTH OF THE VESSEL, AND THE
CLARIFICATION THAT THE DISLIKE IS NOT A PROHIBITION..............................................................................46
113. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO BLOW ON DRINKS..........................................................................46
114. CHAPTER: ON THE PERMISSION TO DRINK WHILE STANDING AND CLARIFICATION THAT IT IS
BETTER AND MORE PERFECT TO DRINK SITTING ................................................................................................46
115. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION FOR THE ONE PROVIDING THE DRINK TO BE THE LAST
TO DRINK ...........................................................................................................................................................................46
116. CHAPTER: ON THE PERMISSION TO DRINK FROM ALL PURE VESSELS EXCEPT THOSE MADE OF
GOLD AND SILVER; THE PERMISSIBILITY OF DRINKING STRAIGHT FROM RIVERS WITH THE MOUTH
WITHOUT VESSEL OR HAND. THE PROHIBITION AGAINST USING GOLD AND SILVER VESSELS FOR
EATING AND DRINKING, PURIFICATION AND OTHER USES...............................................................................46
BOOK OF CLOTHING......................................................................................................................................................47
117. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO WEAR WHITE CLOTHES, AND THE PERMISSION TO
WEAR RED, GREEN, YELLOW AND BLACK, AND THE PERMISSION TO WEAR COTTON, HAIR, WOOL
AND OTHER THINGS EXCEPT SILK............................................................................................................................47
118. CHAPTER: ON RECOMMENDING SHIRTS.........................................................................................................47
119. CHAPTER: ON THE LENGTH OF THE SHIRT, SLEEVE, AND WRAPPER, AND THE END OF THE
TURBAN, AND THE PROHIBITION AGAINST LETTING ANY OF THAT HANG DOWN OUT OF
ARROGANCE, AND THE DISLIKE OF IT WHEN IT IS WITHOUT ARROGANCE ................................................47
120. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO AVOID FINE CLOTHING OUT OF HUMILITY..................48
121. CHAPTER ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO TAKE A MIDDLE COURSE IN CLOTHES AND NOT TO
CONFINE ONESELF TO WHAT IS MISERABLE WITHOUT NEED OR LEGITIMATE AIM.................................48
122. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST SILK GARMENTS FOR MEN AND THEM SITTING AND
LEANING ON SILK, WHILE IT IS PERMITTED FOR WOMEN TO WEAR IT .........................................................48
123. CHAPTER: ON THE PERMISSION TO WEAR SILK IF ONE HAS THE ITCH...............................................48
124. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST SITTING AND RIDING ON TIGER SKINS.........................48
125. CHAPTER: ON WHAT ONE SAYS WHEN ONE PUTS ON A NEW GARMENT OR SHOES .....................48
126. CHAPTER: THE RECOMMENDATION TO BEGIN WITH THE RIGHT WHEN DRESSING........................48
BOOK OF THE ADAB OF SLEEP..................................................................................................................................49
127. CHAPTER: ON THE ADAB OF SLEEP AND LYING DOWN............................................................................49
128. CHAPTER: ON THE PERMISSION TO LIE ON ONE'S BACK AND PUT ONE LEG ACROSS THE
OTHER WHEN ONE'S PRIVATE PARTS ARE NOT EXPOSED, AND THE PERMISSION TO SIT CROSSLEGGED
AND SITTING WITH ONE'S LEGS DRAWN UP.........................................................................................49
129. CHAPTER: ON THE ADAB OF THE ASSEMBLY AND THOSE WHO SIT IN IT...........................................49
130. CHAPTER: ON DREAMS AND WHAT IS CONNECTED TO THEM................................................................50
BOOK OF THE GREETING.............................................................................................................................................50
131. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF THE GREETING AND THE COMMAND TO MAKE IT COMMON
PRACTICE ..........................................................................................................................................................................50
132. CHAPTER: ON THE FORM OF THE GREETING................................................................................................50
133. CHAPTER: ON THE ADAB OF THE GREETING................................................................................................51
134. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO REPEAT THE GREETING TO THE ONE HE MEETS
AFTER A SHORT TIME SINCE HE HAS COME IN OR GONE OUT AND THEN RETURNED IMMEDIATELY,
OR A TREE OR THE LIKE HAS COME BETWEEN THEM........................................................................................51
135. CHAPTER: THE RECOMMENDATION TO GREET WHEN ENTERING ONE'S HOME...............................51
136. CHAPTER: ON GREETING CHILDREN................................................................................................................51
137. CHAPTER: ON A MAN GREETING HIS WIFE, FEMALE RELATIVES AND WOMEN WHO ARE NOT
RELATIVES IF NO TEMPTATION IS FEARED. GREETING THEM IS BASED ON THIS PRECONDITION.....51
138. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST BEING THE FIRST TO GREET AN UNBELIEVER AND
HOW TO RETURN THEIR GREETING. THE RECOMMENDATION TO GREET THE PEOPLE OF A MIXED
ASSEMBLY OF MUSLIMS AND UNBELIEVERS ........................................................................................................52
139. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO GIVE THE GREETING WHEN LEAVING AN ASSEMBLY
AND PARTING FROM ONE'S COMPANIONS .............................................................................................................52
140. CHAPTER: ON ASKING PERMISSION TO ENTER AND ITS ADAB..............................................................52
141. CHAPTER: ON THE MAKING IT CLEAR THAT THE SUNNA IS THAT WHEN THE ONE FROM WHOM
ONE ASKS PERMISSION TO ENTER SAYS, "WHO IS IT?" HE SHOULD NAME HIMSELF IN THE MANNER
BY WHICH HE IS KNOWN BY AND NOT SAY "I" ......................................................................................................52
142. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO BLESS SOMEONE WHO SNEEZES WHEN HE
PRAISES ALLAH AND DISLIKE OF DOING IT IF HE HAS NOT PRAISED ALLAH; CLARIFICATION OF THE
ADAB OF BLESSING THE SNEEZER, SNEEZING, AND YAWNING......................................................................52
143. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO SHAKE HANDS WHEN MEETING AND HAVING A
CHEERFUL FACE, AND KISSING THE HAND OF A RIGHTEOUS MAN AND KISSING ONE'S CHILD OUT
OF COMPASSION, EMBRACING THE ONE WHO ARRIVES FROM A JOURNEY AND THE DISLIKE OF
BOWING..............................................................................................................................................................................53
BOOK ON VISITING THE SICK......................................................................................................................................53
144. CHAPTER: ON VISITING THE SICK, ESCORTING THE DEAD AND PRAYING OVER HIM AND
ATTENDING HIS BURIAL AND REMAINING AT HIS GRAVE AFTER HIS BURIAL............................................53
145. CHAPTER: ON SUPPLICATION FOR THE PERSON WHO IS ILL .................................................................53
146. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO ASK THE FAMILY OF A SICK PERSON ABOUT HOW
HE IS....................................................................................................................................................................................54
147. CHAPTER: ON WHAT IS SAID BY ONE WHO DESPAIRS OF LIFE..............................................................54
148. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO ADVISE THE FAMILY OF THE SICK PERSON AND
THOSE LOOKING AFTER HIM TO TREAT HIM WELL, PUT UP WITH HIM AND BE PATIENT IN
DIFFICULTIES HE POSES. THE SAME TREATMENT APPLIES TO THE ONE WHO IS APPROACHING
DEATH BECAUSE OF A HADD, RETALIATION OR THE LIKE...............................................................................54
149. CHAPTER: ON THE PERMISSION FOR THE SICK PERSON TO SAY, "I HAVE A PAIN" OR "A
TERRIBLE PAIN", "I HAVE A FEVER" OR "O MY HEAD!" AND THE CLARIFICATION THAT THAT IS NOT
DISLIKED IF IT IS NOT DUE TO EXASPERATION.....................................................................................................54
150. CHAPTER: ON INSTRUCTING THE DYING TO SAY "THERE IS NO GOD BUT ALLAH" ........................54
151. CHAPTER: ON WHAT IS SAID WHEN THE DYING PERSON'S EYES BECOME FIXED ..........................54
152. CHAPTER: ON WHAT IS SAID IN THE PRESENCE OF A DEAD PERSON.................................................55
153. CHAPTER: ON THE PERMISSION TO WEEP FOR SOMEONE WHO HAS DIED WITHOUT WAILING.55
154. CHAPTER: ON REFRAINING FROM MENTIONING ANYTHING DISLIKED IN THE CORPSE.................55
155. CHAPTER: THE PRAYER OVER THE DEAD, ESCORTING HIM AND BEING PRESENT AT HIS
BURIAL, AND THE DISLIKE FOR WOMEN TO FOLLOW FUNERAL PROCESSIONS.......................................55
156. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION FOR MANY PEOPLE TO PRAY THE FUNERAL PRAYER
AND TO MAKE THEIR ROWS THREE OR MORE ......................................................................................................55
157. CHAPTER: WHAT IS RECITED IN THE FUNERAL PRAYER..........................................................................56
158. CHAPTER: ON CARRYING THE BIER QUICKLY ..............................................................................................56
159. CHAPTER: ON FIRST SETTLING THE DEBTS OF THE DECEASED AND MAKING HASTE TO
PREPARE HIM FOR BURIAL UNLESS HE DIED SUDDENLY, IN WHICH CASE HE IS LEFT UNTIL ONE IS
SURE OF DEATH..............................................................................................................................................................56
160. CHAPTER: ON ADMONITION AT THE GRAVE..................................................................................................57
161. CHAPTER: ON SUPPLICATION FOR THE DECEASED AFTER HIS BURIAL AND STAYING AT THE
GRAVE FOR A TIME FOR SUPPLICATION, ASKING FORGIVENESS AND RECITATION...............................57
162. CHAPTER: ON SADAQA AND SUPPLICATION FOR THE DECEASED.......................................................57
163. CHAPTER: ON PEOPLE PRAISING THE DEAD PERSON ..............................................................................57
164. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF THE ONE WHO DIES LEAVING YOUNG CHILDREN.......................57
165. CHAPTER: ON WEEPING AND FEAR WHEN PASSING THE GRAVES AND RUINS OF THE
WRONGDOERS, AND DISPLAYING NEED OF ALLAH AND CAUTIONING AGAINST BEING UNMINDFUL
OF THAT .............................................................................................................................................................................57
BOOK OF THE ADAB OF TRAVELLING ......................................................................................................................58
166. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO SET OUT ON A JOURNEY ON A THURSDAY AT THE
BEGINNING OF THE DAY...............................................................................................................................................58
167. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO HAVE COMPANY ON A JOURNEY AND THE
TRAVELLERS SHOULD APPOINT SOMEONE AS THEIR AMIR WHOM THEY WILL OBEY ...........................58
168. CHAPTER: ON THE ADAB OF TRAVELLING, STOPPING, SPENDING THE NIGHT AND SLEEPING
ON THE JOURNEY. THE RECOMMENDATION TO TRAVEL BY NIGHT AND TO BE KIND TO ANIMALS
AND SEE TO THEIR BEST INTERESTS .......................................................................................................................58
169: ON HELPING ONE'S COMPANION......................................................................................................................59
170. CHAPTER: ON WHAT ONE SAYS WHEN ONE MOUNTING FOR A JOURNEY.........................................59
171. CHAPTER: THE TAKBIR OF THE TRAVELLER WHEN HE ASCENDS, HIS TASBIH WHEN HE
DESCENDS AND THE PROHIBITION AGAINST RAISING THE VOICE WITH THE TAKBIR............................59
172. CHAPTER: THE RECOMMENDATION TO MAKE SUPPLICATION DURING THE JOURNEY.................59
173. CHAPTER: ON WHAT SUPPLICATION IS MADE WHEN ONE IS AFRAID OF PEOPLE OR
SOMETHING ELSE...........................................................................................................................................................60
174. CHAPTER: ON WHAT ONE SAYS WHEN ONE ALIGHTS AT A PLACE ......................................................60
175. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION FOR THE TRAVELLER TO MAKE HASTE TO RETURN TO
HIS FAMILY WHEN HE HAS ACHIEVED HIS PURPOSE..........................................................................................60
176. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO COME TO ONE'S FAMILY DURING THE DAY AND THE
DISLIKE OF ARRIVING AT NIGHT WHEN THAT IS NOT NECESSARY................................................................60
177. CHAPTER: ON WHAT ONE SAYS WHEN HE RETURNS AND SEES HIS TOWN......................................60
178. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION FOR THE ONE WHO ARRIVES TO GO FIRST TO THE
MOSQUE IN HIS AREA AND PRAY TWO RAK'ATS IN IT ........................................................................................60
179. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING A WOMAN TO TRAVEL ON HER OWN.........................................................60
BOOK OF VIRTUES..........................................................................................................................................................60
180. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF RECITING THE QUR'AN..................................................................60
182. CHAPTER: ON THE COMMAND TO CONTINUE RECITING THE QUR'AN AND BEING CAREFUL NOT
TO ALLOW ONESELF TO FORGET IT..........................................................................................................................61
182. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO HAVE GOOD VOICE IN RECITING THE QUR'AN AND
ASKING SOMEONE WITH A GOOD VOICE TO RECITE AND LISTENING TO IT ...............................................61
183. CHAPTER: ON ENCOURAGING THE RECITATION OF CERTAIN SURAS AND AYATS.........................61
184. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO MEET TOGETHER FOR RECITATION .............................62
185. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF WUDU' .................................................................................................63
186. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF THE ADHAN .......................................................................................63
187. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF THE PRAYERS ..................................................................................64
188. CHAPTER: ON THE SUBH AND 'ASR PRAYERS .............................................................................................64
189. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF WALKING TO THE MOSQUE .........................................................64
190. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF WAITING FOR THE PRAYER .........................................................65
191. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF THE GROUP PRAYER .....................................................................65
192. CHAPTER: ENCOURAGEMENT TO ATTEND THE GROUP PRAYERS AT SUBH AND 'ISHA' ..............65
193. CHAPTER: ON THE COMMAND TO PERSEVERE IN THE PRESCRIBED PRAYERS AND THE
STRONGEST PROHIBITION AGAINST ABANDONING THEM................................................................................66
194. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF THE FIRST ROW AND THE COMMAND TO COMPLETE THE
FIRST ROWS AND MAKE THEM STRAIGHT AND CLOSE TOGETHER...............................................................66
195. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF DOING THE SUNNAS WITH THE OBLIGATORY PRAYERS, AND
CLARIFICATION OF THE LEAST OF THEM, THE MOST PERFECT, AND WHAT IS BETWEEN THAT ........67
196. CHAPTER: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TWO RAK'ATS WHICH ARE THE SUNNA OF SUBH..............67
197. CHAPTER: ON TWO QUICK RAK'ATS FOR FAJR AND CLARIFICATION OF WHAT IS RECITED IN
THEM AND THEIR TIME..................................................................................................................................................67
198. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO LIE DOWN ON THE RIGHT SIDE AFTER THE TWO
RAK'ATS OF FAJR AND ENCOURAGING DOING THAT WHETHER OR NOT ONE HAS PRAYED
VOLUNTARY PRAYERS IN THE NIGHT.......................................................................................................................68
199. CHAPTER: ON THE SUNNA OF DHUHR.............................................................................................................68
200. CHAPTER: ON THE SUNNA OF 'ASR..................................................................................................................68
201. CHAPTER: ON THE SUNNA BEFORE AND AFTER MAGHRIB.....................................................................68
202. CHAPTER: ON THE SUNNA BEFORE AND AFTER 'ISHA'.............................................................................68
203. CHAPTER: THE SUNNA OF JUMU'A...................................................................................................................68
204. CHAPTER: THE RECOMMENDATION TO PRAY VOLUNTARY PRAYERS AT HOME BUT NOT
OBLIGATORY PRAYERS. THE COMMAND TO MOVE FROM THE PLACE WHERE ONE DID THE
OBLIGATORY PRAYER OR TO SPEAK BEFORE DOING THE VOLUNTARY PRAYER...................................68
205. CHAPTER: ON ENCOURAGING PERFORMANCE OF THE WITR PRAYER AND CLARIFICATION
THAT IT IS CONFIRMED, AND MAKING ITS TIME CLEAR......................................................................................69
206. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF THE DUHA PRAYER, CLARIFICATION OF ITS MINIMUM,
MAXIMUM AND MIDDLE SIZE, AND THE ENCOURAGEMENT TO PERSEVERE IN DOING IT ......................69
207. CHAPTER: PERMISSION TO PRAY DUHA FROM THE TIME THE SUN IS HIGH UNTIL NOON. IT IS
BEST TO PRAY IT WHEN IT IS VERY HOT AND WELL INTO MID-MORNING....................................................69
208. CHAPTER: THE ENCOURAGEMENT TO PRAY THE TWO RAK'AT PRAYER OF GREETING WHEN
ENTERING THE MOSQUE, AND IT BEING DISLIKED TO SIT DOWN BEFORE PRAYING THE TWO
RAK'ATS AT WHATEVER TIME ONE ENTERS, WHETHER THAT BE THE TWO RAK'ATS OF GREETING,
OR AN OBLIGATORY OR SUNNA PRAYER ...............................................................................................................69
209. CHAPTER: THE RECOMMENDATION TO PRAY TWO RAK'ATS AFTER DOING WUDU'.......................69
210. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF THE DAY OF JUMU'A, ITS OBLIGATORY NATURE AND
WASHING FOR IT, PUTTING ON SCENT AND GOING EARLY TO IT. SUPPLICATION ON FRIDAY AND
THE PRAYER ON THE PROPHET. CLARIFICATION OF THE TIME WHEN SUPPLICATION IS ANSWERED.
THE RECOMMENDATION OF REMEMBERING ALLAH OFTEN AFTER JUMU'A..............................................70
211. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO PERFORM THE PROSTRATION OF GRATITUDE WHEN
ONE OBTAINS A BLESSING OR AN AFFLICTION IS AVERTED...........................................................................70
212. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF RISING IN THE NIGHT TO PRAY...................................................70
213. CHAPTER: THE RECOMMENDATION TO PRAY AT NIGHT IN RAMADAN - THAT IS THE TARAWIH
PRAYERS ...........................................................................................................................................................................72
214. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF PRAYING IN THE NIGHT OF POWER ..........................................72
214. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF THE SIWAK AND THE QUALITIES OF THE NATURAL FORM
(FITRA) ................................................................................................................................................................................72
216. CHAPTER: STRESSING THE OBLIGATION OF ZAKAT AND CLARIFICATION OF ITS EXCELLENCE
AND WHAT IS CONNECTED TO IT...............................................................................................................................72
217. CHAPTER: ON THE OBLIGATION TO FAST RAMADAN AND CLARIFICATION OF THE EXCELLENCE
OF FASTING AND WHAT IS CONNECTED TO IT ......................................................................................................74
218. CHAPTER: ON GENEROSITY, CHARITY AND DOING MUCH GOOD IN THE MONTH OF RAMADAN,
AND INCREASING THAT IN THE LAST TEN DAYS OF THE MONTH...................................................................74
219. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST FASTING BEFORE RAMADAN AFTER THE MIDDLE OF
SHA'BAN UNLESS THAT FASTING IS CONNECTED TO WHAT IS BEFORE IT AND COINCIDES WITH HIS
HABIT, LIKE FASTING MONDAY AND THURSDAY..................................................................................................74
220. CHAPTER: ON WHAT ONE SAYS WHEN SEEING THE NEW MOON ..........................................................75
221. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF SUHUR AND DELAYING IT AS LONG AS ONE DOES NOT FEAR
THE APPROACH OF DAWN...........................................................................................................................................75
222. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF HASTENING TO BREAK THE FAST AND THAT WITH WHICH
ONE BREAKS THE FAST AND WHAT ONE SAYS AFTER BREAKING THE FAST ...........................................75
223. CHAPTER: ON COMMANDING THE FASTER TO GUARD HIS TONGUE AND LIMBS FROM
INCORRECT ACTIONS, VERBAL ABUSE AND THE LIKE.......................................................................................75
224. CHAPTER: ON QUESTIONS REGARDING FASTING.......................................................................................75
225. CHAPTER: CLARIFICATION OF THE EXCELLENCE OF FASTING MUHARRAM, SHA'BAN AND THE
SACRED MONTHS ...........................................................................................................................................................76
226. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF FASTING AND OTHER THINGS IN THE FIRST 10 DAYS OF
DHU'L-HIJJA......................................................................................................................................................................76
227. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF FASTING THE DAY OF 'ARAFA, 'ASHURA' AND THE NINTH
OF MUHARRAM................................................................................................................................................................76
228. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO FAST SIX DAYS OF SHAWWAL........................................76
229. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO FAST MONDAYS AND THURSDAYS ...............................76
230. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION TO FAST THREE DAYS OF EVERY MONTH.........................76
231. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE GIVING THE FASTER SOMETHING WITH WHICH TO BREAK THE
FAST, AND THE EXCELLENCE OF THE FASTER WHEN PEOPLE EAT IN HIS PRESENCE AND THE
SUPPLICATION OF THE ONE WHO EATS FOR WHAT IS EATEN ........................................................................77
232. BOOK OF I'TIKAF ....................................................................................................................................................77
233. BOOK OF HAJJ........................................................................................................................................................77
BOOK OF JIHAD...............................................................................................................................................................78
234. THE EXCELLENCE OF JIHAD ...............................................................................................................................78
235. CHAPTER: ON THE CLARIFICATION OF THOSE WHO ARE MARTYRS IN RESPECT OF THE
REWARD OF THE NEXT WORLD, BUT WHO ARE WASHED AND PRAYED OVER, WHICH IS THE NOT
THE CASE WITH THOSE KILLED FIGHTING THE UNBELIEVERS........................................................................81
236. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF FREEING SLAVES............................................................................81
237. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF BEING GOOD TO SLAVES .............................................................82
238. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF A SLAVE WHO FULFILS THE RIGHT HE OWES ALLAH AND
THE RIGHT OF HIS MASTERS ......................................................................................................................................82
239. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF WORSHIP IN TIMES OF VIOLENT TURBULENCE, WHICH IS
CONFUSION, CIVIL STRIFE AND THE LIKE ...............................................................................................................82
240. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF BEING GENEROUS IN BUYING AND SELLING, TAKING AND
GIVING, SETTLING DEBTS AND ACCOUNTS WELL, GIVING SLIGHTLY MORE IN THE MEASURE AND
WEIGHING, AND THE PROHIBITION AGAINST BEING STINGY. THE EXCELLENCE OF GRANTING A
DELAY TO THE WEALTHY AND THE ONE IN HARDSHIP, OR CANCELLING THE DEBT ..............................82
BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE.................................................................................................................................................83
241. CHAPTER: THE EXCELLENCE OF KNOWLEDGE ...........................................................................................83
BOOK OF PRAISE OF ALLAH AND THANKFULNESS TO HIM..............................................................................84
242. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF PRAISE AND THANKFULNESS.....................................................84
BOOK ON THE PRAYER ON THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH ..................................................................................84
243. CHAPTER: ON THE PRAYER ON THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH.................................................................84
BOOK OF DHIKR ..............................................................................................................................................................85
244. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF DHIKR AND ENCOURAGING IT ....................................................85
245. CHAPTER: ON REMEMBERING ALLAH ALMIGHTY STANDING, SITTING AND LYING DOWN, AND
WHILE IN A STATE OF MAJOR IMPURITY, MINOR IMPURITY AND WHILE MENSTRUATING - EXCEPT
FOR THE QUR'AN WHICH IS NOT LAWFUL FOR SOMEONE IN A STATE OF MAJOR IMPURITY OR
MENSTRUATING...............................................................................................................................................................87
246. CHAPTER: WHAT ONE SAYS WHEN GOING TO SLEEP AND WAKING UP .............................................87
247. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF CIRCLES OF DHIKR, AND THE RECOMMENDATION TO JOIN
THEM AND THE PROHIBITION AGAINST PARTING FROM THEM WITHOUT EXCUSE ..................................87
248. CHAPTER: ON DHIKR MORNING AND EVENING.............................................................................................88
249. CHAPTER: ON WHAT TO SAY WHEN GOING TO SLEEP..............................................................................88
BOOK OF SUPPLICATIONS...........................................................................................................................................89
250. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF SUPPLICATION.................................................................................89
251. CHAPTER: ON THE EXCELLENCE OF SUPPLICATION FOR THOSE WHO ARE ABSENT ...................91
252. CHAPTER: VARIOUS MATTERS CONCERNING SUPPLICATION................................................................91
253. CHAPTER: THE MIRACLES OF THE FRIENDS OF ALLAH AND THEIR EXCELLENCE .........................91
BOOK ON THINGS WHICH ARE FORBIDDEN............................................................................................................92
254. CHAPTER: THE PROHIBITION AGAINST BACKBITING AND THE COMMAND TO GUARD THE
TONGUE..............................................................................................................................................................................92
255. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST LISTENING TO BACKBITING. THE COMMAND THAT
SOMEONE WHO HEARS BACKBITING SHOULD REFUTE IT OR OBJECT TO IT BEING SAID. IF HE IS
UNABLE TO DO THAT OR THE SPEAKER DOES NOT ACCEPT HIS OBJECTION, THEN HE SHOULD
LEAVE THAT GATHERING IF HE CAN.........................................................................................................................93
256. CHAPTER: ON WHAT IS PERMITTED IN TALKING ABOUT PEOPLE.........................................................94
257. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST SLANDER, WHICH IS CARRYING TALES BETWEEN
PEOPLE IN ORDER TO CREATE TROUBLE...............................................................................................................94
258. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST CARRYING TALES AND THINGS THAT PEOPLE HAVE
SAID TO THOSE IN AUTHORITY IF THERE IS NO NEED FOR THAT, FOR INSTANCE, FEAR OF
CORRUPTION, ETC..........................................................................................................................................................95
259. CHAPTER: ON THE CENSURE OF BEING TWO-FACED................................................................................95
260. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST LYING.......................................................................................95
261. CHAPTER: ON THE CLARIFICATION OF WHAT LYING IS PERMITTED ....................................................96
262. CHAPTER: ON THE ENCOURAGEMENT TO VERIFY WHAT ONE SAYS AND RELATES......................96
263. CHAPTER: ON THE CLARIFICATION OF THE SEVERE PROHIBITION AGAINST GIVING FALSE
WITNESS ............................................................................................................................................................................97
264. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST CURSING A MAN OR AN ANIMAL ....................................97
265. CHAPTER: ON THE PERMISSION TO CURSE SOME OF THOSE WHO REBEL AGAINST ALLAH
WITHOUT SPECIFYING THEM.......................................................................................................................................97
266. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST ABUSING A MUSLIM WITHOUT CAUSE .........................97
267. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST ABUSING THE DEAD WITHOUT CAUSE AND BENEFIT
IN THE SHARI'A................................................................................................................................................................98
268. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING INJURY .................................................................................................................98
269. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING MUTUAL RANCOUR, CUTTING ONE OTHER OFF AND MUTUAL
HOSTILITY..........................................................................................................................................................................98
270. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST ENVY........................................................................................98
271. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST SPYING....................................................................................98
272. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST HAVING A BAD OPINION OF THE MUSLIMS
UNNECESSARILY.............................................................................................................................................................99
273. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING AGAINST DESPISING THE MUSLIMS...........................................................99
274. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST GLOATING OVER A MUSLIM'S MISFORTUNE..............99
275. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING ATTACKING SOMEONE'S LINEAGE.............................................................99
276. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST CHEATING AND DECEIT.....................................................99
277. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING TREACHERY.....................................................................................................100
278. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST USING A GIFT TO CAUSE A SENSE OF
INDEBTEDNESS .............................................................................................................................................................100
279. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST BOASTFULNESS AND ARROGANCE............................100
280. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING MUSLIMS DISASSOCIATING THEMSELVES FROM ONE ANOTHER
FOR MORE THAN THREE DAYS EXCEPT IN THE CAUSE OF AN INNOVATION OR CLEAR INIQUITY OR
THE LIKE ..........................................................................................................................................................................100
281. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST TWO PEOPLE CONVERSING TO THE EXCLUSION OF
A THIRD WITHOUT HIS PERMISSION EXCEPT IN CASE OF NEED. IT IS THE SAME IF TWO PEOPLE
SPEAK IN A LANGUAGE WHICH HE DOES NOT UNDERSTAND. ......................................................................101
282. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST CRUELTY TO A SLAVE, ANIMAL, WOMAN, OR CHILD
WITHOUT LEGITIMATE REASON...............................................................................................................................101
283. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING PUNISHING WITH FIRE ANY LIVE CREATURE, EVEN AN ANT...........102
284. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING THE RICH PERSON TO PROCRASTINATE PAYING WHAT HE OWES
.............................................................................................................................................................................................102
285. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED FOR A MAN TO TAKE BACK HIS GIFT WHETHER HE HAS
HANDED IT OVER TO THE OTHER PERSON OR NOT, AND ON THE GIFT GIVEN TO HIS SON, WHETHER
IT HAS BEEN HANDED OVER OR NOT. ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO PURCHASE SOMETHING WHICH HE
HAD GIVEN AS SADAQA, PAID AS ZAKAT OR IN EXPIATION FROM THE ONE TO WHOM HE GAVE IT,
BUT THERE IS NO OBJECTION TO HIM BUYING IT FROM A THIRD PARTY..................................................102
286. CHAPTER: ON STRESSING THE INVIOLABILITY OF AN ORPHAN'S PROPERTY................................102
287. CHAPTER: ON THE STERN PROHIBITION OF USURY.................................................................................102
288. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING SHOWING-OFF .................................................................................................102
289. CHAPTER: WHAT MIGHT BE CONSIDERED SHOWING-OFF, BUT WHICH IS NOT ACTUALLY
SHOWING-OFF................................................................................................................................................................103
290. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING LOOKING AT UNRELATED WOMEN AND HANDSOME YOUTHS
WITHOUT A LEGITIMATE REASON...........................................................................................................................103
291. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST BEING ALONE WITH AN UNRELATED WOMAN.........103
292. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING MEN TRYING TO LOOK LIKE WOMEN AND WOMEN TRYING TO LOOK
LIKE MEN IN CLOTHING, MOVEMENTS, ETC..........................................................................................................104
293. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST BEING LIKE SHAYTAN AND THE UNBELIEVERS......104
294. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST A MAN OR WOMAN DYEING THEIR HAIR BLACK.....104
295. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST SHAVING ONLY PART OF THE HEAD AND THE
PERMISSION FOR A MAN, BUT NOT A WOMAN TO SHAVE IT ALL .................................................................104
296. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING JOINING ON FALSE HAIR, TATTOOING, AND FILING THE TEETH....104
297. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST PLUCKING OUT WHITE HAIR FROM THE BEARD AND
HEAD, AND AGAINST A YOUNG MAN PLUCKING OUT THE HAIR OF HIS BEARD WHEN IT FIRST
APPEARS .........................................................................................................................................................................105
298. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO CLEAN ONESELF IN THE LAVATORY WITH THE RIGHT
HAND AND TO TOUCH THE GENITALS WITH THE RIGHT HAND FOR NO REASON ...................................105
299. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO WALK IN ONLY ONE SHOE OR SOCK FOR NO REASON,
AND ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO PUT ON SHOES AND SOCKS WHILE STANDING FOR NO REASON...105
300. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST LEAVING A FIRE AND THE LIKE BURNING, WHETHER
IN A LAMP OR ANYTHING ELSE, WHEN GOING TO SLEEP ...............................................................................105
301. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION OF AFFECTATION, WHICH ARE WORDS AND ACTIONS WHICH
ARE WITHOUT BENEFIT ..............................................................................................................................................105
302. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING WAILING OVER THE DEAD, SLAPPING THE CHEEKS, TEARING THE
SHIRT, PULLING OUT THE HAIR AND SHAVING IT, AND AGAINST PRAYING FOR DESTRUCTION.......105
303. CHAPTER: THE PROHIBITION AGAINST GOING TO SOOTHSAYERS, ASTROLOGERS, DIVINERS
AND LOOKING FOR OMENS.......................................................................................................................................106
304. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST BELIEVING IN BAD OMENS.............................................106
305. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST DEPICTING LIVING CREATURES ON RUGS, STONES,
CLOTHES, DIRHAMS, CUSHIONS, DINARS, PILLOWS, ETC. THE PROHIBITION AGAINST PUTTING
IMAGES ON WALLS, CURTAINS, TURBANS, CLOTHES, ETC. THE COMMAND TO EFFACE IMAGES ...106
306. CHAPTER: THE PROHIBITION AGAINST KEEPING A DOG EXCEPT FOR HUNTING, HERDING OR
FARMING..........................................................................................................................................................................107
307. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO HANG BELLS FROM CAMELS AND OTHER ANIMALS, AND
IT BEING DISLIKED TO BE ACCOMPANIED BY A DOG OR BELL IN A JOURNEY........................................107
308. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO RIDE A CAMEL THAT EATS DUNG. IF IT THEN EATS PURE
FODDER AND ITS FLESH IS WHOLESOME, THEN THE DISLIKE IS REMOVED ............................................107
309. CHAPTER: THE PROHIBITION AGAINST SPITTING IN THE MOSQUE AND THE COMMAND TO
REMOVE SPIT FROM IT WHEN IT IS FOUND THERE. THE COMMAND TO KEEP THE MOSQUE FREE OF
IMPURITIES......................................................................................................................................................................107
310. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO ARGUE IN THE MOSQUE OR TO RAISE VOICES THERE,
ANNOUNCE A LOST ANIMAL, BUY AND SELL, RENT AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS.................................108
311. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST ENTERING THE MOSQUE FOR THE ONE WHO EATS
EATING GARLIC, ONIONS, LEEKS, AND OTHER THINGS WHICH HAVE AN OBJECTIONABLE SMELL
UNTIL ITS SMELL DEPARTS, EXCEPT IN CASE OF NECESSITY ......................................................................108
312. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO SIT WITH THE LEGS UP ON THE DAY OF JUMU'A WHILE
THE IMAM WAS GIVING THE KHUTBA BECAUSE THAT MAKES ONE SLEEPY AND HE WILL NOT MISS
PROPERLY TO THE KHUTBA AND HE MIGHT BREAK WUDU' ..........................................................................108
313. CHAPTER: WHEN SOMEONE WANTS TO SACRIFICE ON THE TENTH OF DHU'L-HIJJA, HE IS
PROHIBITED FROM CUTTING ANY OF HIS HAIR OR NAILS UNTIL HE HAS SACRIFICED.........................108
314. CHAPTER: THE PROHIBITION AGAINST SWEARING BY A CREATURE LIKE THE PROPHET, THE
KA'BA, THE ANGELS, HEAVEN, FATHERS, LIFE, THE SPIRIT, THE HEAD, THE LIFE OF THE SULTAN,
THE BLESSING OF THE SULTAN, ONE'S LAND, AND TRUSTWORTHINESS. IT IS THE STRONGEST
POSSIBLE PROHIBITION .............................................................................................................................................108
315. CHAPTER: ON THE STRONG PROHIBITION AGAINST DELIBERATE FALSE OATHS ........................108
316. CHAPTER: ON THE RECOMMENDATION FOR SOMEONE WHO HAS SWORN AN OATH AND THEN
SEES SOMETHING BETTER THAN IT TO DO WHAT HE SWORE HE SWORE HE WOULD NOT DO AND
EXPIATE THE OATH......................................................................................................................................................109
317. CHAPTER: ON MINOR OATHS BEING OF NO CONSEQUENCE AND NOT ENTAILING EXPIATION.
THAT IS WHAT ONE SAYS UNINTENTIONALLY LIKE, "NO, BY ALLAH" AND "YES, BY ALLAH."...........109
318. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO USE OATHS WHEN SELLING, EVEN IF IT TRUE...................109
319. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED FOR A MAN TO ASK BY THE FACE OF ALLAH FOR ANYTHING
BY JANNAH AND IT BEING DISLIKED TO REFUSE THE ONE WHO ASKS BY ALLAH................................109
320. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING THAT A SULTAN BE CALLED SHAHNESHAH BECAUSE IT MEANS
"THE KING OF KINGS" AND ONLY ALLAH IS DESCRIBED AS THAT ..............................................................109
321. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST ADDRESSING AN INIQUITOUS PERSON OR
INNOVATOR, AS "MASTER", ETC. .............................................................................................................................110
322. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO CURSE FEVER ...............................................................................110
323. CHAPTER: THE PROHIBITION AGAINST CURSING THE WIND, AND WHAT ONE SAYS WHEN IT
BLOWS..............................................................................................................................................................................110
324: CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO CURSE THE COCKEREL.............................................................110
325. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST A MAN ATTRIBUTING RAIN TO A STAR.......................110
326. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING CALLING A MUSLIM AN UNBELIEVER......................................................110
327. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING OBSCENE AND COARSE LANGUAGE.......................................................110
328. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO EXAGGERATE IN SPEECH AND TO BE AFFECTED IN
ELOQUENCE, AND TO USE UNUSUAL LANGUAGES AND FINE POINTS IN ARABIC WHEN SPEAKING
TO THE COMMON PEOPLE.........................................................................................................................................110
329. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO SAY, "MY SELF IS DISGUSTED (KHABUTHAT)" ..................111
330. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO CALL THE GRAPE THE VINE (KARM)......................................111
331. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST DESCRIBING A WOMAN'S BEAUTY TO A MAN WHEN
THERE IS NO LEGITIMATE NEED FOR THAT, FOR INSTANCE, LIKE SEEKING MARRIAGE WITH HER,
ETC. ...................................................................................................................................................................................111
332. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKE FOR A MAN TO SAY IN SUPPLICATION, "O ALLAH, FORGIVE ME
IF YOU WILL." HE SHOULD BE FIRM IN ASKING...................................................................................................111
333. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO SAY, "WHAT ALLAH WILLS AND SO-AND-SO WILLS".......111
334. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO TALK AFTER 'ISHA' ......................................................................111
335. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING FORBIDDEN FOR A WOMAN TO REFUSE TO COME TO HER HUSBAND'S
BED WHEN HE CALLS HER IF SHE DOES NOT HAVE A LEGITIMATE REASON ..........................................111
336. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING FORBIDDEN FOR A WOMAN TO FAST VOLUNTARILY WHEN HER
HUSBAND IS PRESENT WITHOUT HIS PERMISSION............................................................................................111
337. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING FORBIDDEN TO GET AHEAD OF THE IMAM IN COMING UP FROM
BOWING OR PROSTRATION.......................................................................................................................................112
338. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO PUT THE HANDS ON THE HIPS DURING THE PRAYER .....112
339. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO PRAY WHEN FOOD HAS BEEN SERVED OR WHEN ONE
NEEDS TO GO TO THE LAVATORY ...........................................................................................................................112
340. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST LOOKING TO THE SKY DURING THE PRAYER..........112
341. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO LOOK ABOUT IN THE PRAYER WITHOUT REASON ...........112
342. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST PRAYING TOWARDS GRAVES .......................................112
343. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING FORBIDDEN TO PASS IN FRONT OF SOMEONE PRAYING.........................112
344. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO START DOING VOLUNTARY PRAYERS AFTER THE IQAMA
HAS BEGUN, EVEN IF IT IS THE SUNNA FOR THAT PRAYER............................................................................112
345. CHAPTER: IT IS DISLIKED TO SINGLE OUT FRIDAY TO FAST OR FRIDAY NIGHT FOR PRAYING AT
NIGHT ................................................................................................................................................................................112
346. CHAPTER: ON FORBIDDING CONTINUOUS FASTING, WHICH IS TO FAST TWO OR MORE DAYS
WITHOUT EATING OR DRINKING BETWEEN THEM..............................................................................................113
347. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING FORBIDDEN TO SIT ON GRAVES .......................................................................113
348. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST PLASTERING OVER OR BUILDING OVER GRAVES .113
349. CHAPTER: ON THE STRONG PROHIBITION AGAINST A SLAVE RUNNING AWAY FROM HIS
MASTER............................................................................................................................................................................113
350. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST INTERCEDING IN HUDUD-PUNISHMENTS...................113
351. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST RELIEVING ONESELF IN THE ROAD, SHADY PLACES,
WATER SOURCES, ETC. ..............................................................................................................................................113
352. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST URINATING IN STANDING WATER ................................113
353. CHAPTER: IT IS DISLIKED TO SHOW PREFERENCE TO ONE CHILD OVER THE OTHERS IN GIFTS
.............................................................................................................................................................................................113
354. CHAPTER: IT IS FORBIDDEN FOR A WOMAN TO MOURN MORE THAN THREE DAYS FOR ANYONE
EXCEPT HER HUSBAND. THE MOURNING PERIOD FOR A HUSBAND IS FOUR MONTHS AND TEN
DAYS .................................................................................................................................................................................114
355. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING FORBIDDEN FOR A TOWNSMAN TO SELL ON BEHALF OF A DESERT
MAN, TO MEET CARAVANS, TO BID AGAINST ANOTHER MAN TO RAISE THE PRICE OR TO MAKE A
MARRIAGE PROPOSAL IN THE FACE OF ANOTHER'S PROPOSAL WITHOUT HIS PERMISSION...........114
356. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST SQUANDERING MONEY IN IMPROPER WAYS ...........114
357. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST POINTING AT A MUSLIM WITH A WEAPON,
SERIOUSLY OR IN JEST, AND THE PROHIBITION AGAINST HANDING SOMEONE AN UNSHEATHED
SWORD .............................................................................................................................................................................114
358. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO LEAVE THE MOSQUE AFTER THE ADHAN WITHOUT
REASON BEFORE THE OBLIGATORY PRAYER HAS BEEN PRAYED .............................................................115
359. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO REFUSE BASIL FOR NO REASON............................................115
360. CHAPTER: IT IS DISLIKED TO PRAISE SOMEONE TO HIS FACE AS IT IS FEARED THAT IT WILL
CAUSE HIM TO BE ARROGANT, AND THE PERMISSION TO DO THAT IF THE PERSON IS SAFE FROM
THAT HAPPENING .........................................................................................................................................................115
361. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING DISLIKED TO LEAVE A PLACE WHERE THERE IS PLAGUE TO FLEE
FROM IT, AND IT BEING DISLIKED TO GO WHERE THERE IS PLAGUE..........................................................115
362. CHAPTER: ON THE STRONG PROHIBITION OF SORCERY........................................................................115
363. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST TRAVELLING WITH A COPY OF THE QUR'AN TO
ENEMY TERRITORY WHEN IT IS FEARED THAT IT MIGHT FALL INTO THE HANDS OF THE ENEMY....115
364. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING FORBIDDEN TO USE GOLD AND SILVER DISHES FOR EATING,
DRINKING, PURIFICATION, ETC. ...............................................................................................................................116
365. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING FORBIDDEN FOR A MAN TO WEAR CLOTHES DYED WITH SAFFRON...116
366. CHAPTER: ON THE PROHIBITION AGAINST VOWING A DAY OF SILENCE..........................................116
367. CHAPTER: ON IT BEING FORBIDDEN FOR A MAN TO ASCRIBE HIS LINEAGE TO OTHER THAN
HIS FATHER OR HIS WALA' TO OTHER THAN HIS PATRONS...........................................................................116
368. CHAPTER: THE WARNING NOT TO COMMIT WHAT ALLAH AND HIS MESSENGER HAVE
PROHIBITED....................................................................................................................................................................116
369. CHAPTER: ON WHAT ONE SAYS AND DOES IF ONE COMMITS SOMETHING FORBIDDEN ............116
370. CHAPTER: ON VARIOUS STORIES ...................................................................................................................117
371. CHAPTER: ON ASKING FORGIVENESS...........................................................................................................122
372. CHAPTER: ON WHAT ALLAH HAS PROMISED THE BELIEVERS IN JANNAH ......................................123


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