Friday, January 7, 2011

Web-Based Management of IP Networks and Systems




Jean-Philippe Martin-Flatin
ISBN: 978-0-471-48702-9
Hardcover
362 pages

Building on the author’s extensive experience in industry and government agencies, this book proposes a general framework for integrating the management of networked systems in the IP world. The Web-based Integrated Management Architecture (WIMA) leverages XML’s self-description capability to integrate SNMP data and CIM objects in a seamless manner.
The first part of the book begins with a detailed analysis of SNMP; it highlights its strengths and weaknesses and justifies the need for object-oriented information models such as CIM. Next, the author summarizes the different paradigms considered in management research and industry in the past decade, compares the suitability of different middleware solutions, and concludes that with current technologies, Web-based management makes a lot of technical sense and is not just trendy.

The second part goes into software engineering detail and discusses tradeoffs for organizing manager-to-agent communication. In WIMA, agents publish the monitoring data and notifications they can send, and management applications (managers) subscribe to them in a semi- or fully automated way. The same publish-subscribe paradigm is used for manager-to-manager communication, when managers are organized hierarchically to manage a large domain or different domains. We explain why this solution decreases network overhead and improves scalability. Security issues are also investigated.

The third part of the book presents the high-level design of JAMAP, a research prototype that implements the main components of the WIMA architecture. Its code is freely available and released under the GPL license. This prototype is currently being ported to Web Services. Finally, the author compares WIMA with SNMP, WBEM/CIM and JMX and concludes that WBEM could evolve into WIMA in the future.

This book is primarily aimed at software architects and engineers who design and write management applications. It should also be of interest to administrators and people who are versed into management architectures.

Introduction.

Terminology.

Problem Statement

Overview of the Solution Space.

Analysis of the Solution Space.

State of the Art in Web-Based Management.

A New Management Architecture: WIMA.

A New Communication Model: WIMA-CM.

XML in Integrated Management.

A WIMA-Based Research Prototype: JAMAP.

How Does Our Solution Compare with Others?

Conclusion.

List of Acronyms.

References.

Appendices.


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Mastering Java 2, J2SE 1.4





by John Zukowski ISBN:078214022X
Sybex © 2002 (901 pages)
Whether you're preparing for Java Certification or want to brush up on Java Language basics, this guide provides it all.



Table of Contents Back Cover
Table of Contents
Mastering Java 2, J2SE 1.4
Foreword
Introduction
Part I - Foundations of Java
Chapter 1 - Introducing Java
Chapter 2 - Getting Started with the Java 2 SDK
Chapter 3 - Working with Objects
Chapter 4 - Datatypes, Modifiers, and Expressions
Chapter 5 - Packaging Class and Interface Access
Chapter 6 - Arrays and Flow-Control Statements
Chapter 7 - Exception Handling and Assertions
Chapter 8 - Threads and Multithreading
Part II - Exploring the Java Libraries
Chapter 9 - Standard Java Packages
Chapter 10 - Animation and Images
Chapter 11 - 2D Graphics and Imaging
Chapter 12 - GUI Layout Management
Chapter 13 - Swing GUI Components
Chapter 14 - Event Handling
Chapter 15 - Advanced Swing Capabilities
Chapter 16 - Transferring Data
Chapter 17 - Java Utilities
Chapter 18 - Advanced Applet Programming
Chapter 19 - Streams and Input/Output Programming
Chapter 20 - Printing
Chapter 21 - JavaBeans
Chapter 22 - Network Programming
Chapter 23 - Java Extension Libraries
Appendix A - Java Language Syntax
Appendix B - Online Resources
Glossary
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars


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Algorithms in Bioinformatics





Inge Jonassen Junhyong Kim (Eds.)

Table of Contents
Papers
Reversing Gene Erosion – Reconstructing Ancestral Bacterial Genomes
from Gene-Content and Order Data
Joel V. Earnest-De Young, Emmanuelle Lerat,
and Bernard M.E. Moret
1
Reconstructing Ancestral Gene Orders Using Conserved Intervals
Anne Bergeron, Mathieu Blanchette, Annie Chateau,
and Cedric Chauve
14
Sorting by Reversals with Common Intervals
Martin Figeac and Jean-Stéphane Varré
26
A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for the Matching
of Crossing Contact-Map Patterns
Jens Gramm
38
A 1.5-Approximation Algorithm for Sorting by Transpositions
and Transreversals
Tzvika Hartman and Roded Sharan
50
Algorithms for Finding Maximal-Scoring Segment Sets 62
Gapped Local Similarity Search with Provable Guarantees
Manikandan Narayanan and Richard M. Karp
74
Monotone Scoring of Patterns with Mismatches
Alberto Apostolico and Cinzia Pizzi
87
Suboptimal Local Alignments Across Multiple Scoring Schemes
Morris Michael, Christoph Dieterich, and Jens Stoye
99
A Faster Reliable Algorithm to Estimate the p-Value
of the Multinomial llr Statistic
Uri Keich and Niranjan Nagarajan
111
Adding Hidden Nodes to Gene Networks
Benny Chor and Tamir Tuller
123
Joint Analysis of DNA Copy Numbers and Gene Expression Levels
Doron Lipson, Amir Ben-Dor, Elinor Dehan, and Zohar Yakhini
135
Searching for Regulatory Elements of Alternative Splicing Events
Using Phylogenetic Footprinting
Daichi Shigemizu and Osamu Maruyama
147
Supervised Learning-Aided Optimization
of Expert-Driven Functional Protein Sequence Annotation
Lev Soinov, Alexander Kanapin, and Misha Kapushesky
159
Multiple Vector Seeds for Protein Alignment
Daniel G. Brown
170
Solving the Protein Threading Problem by Lagrangian Relaxation
Stefan Balev
182
Protein-Protein Interfaces:
Recognition of Similar Spatial and Chemical Organizations
Alexandra Shulman-Peleg, Shira Mintz, Ruth Nussinov,
and Haim J. Wolfson
194
ATDD: An Algorithmic Tool for Domain Discovery in Protein Sequences
Stanislav Angelov, Sanjeev Khanna, Li Li, and Fernando Pereira
206
Local Search Heuristic for Rigid Protein Docking
Vicky Choi, Pankaj K. Agarwal, Herbert Edelsbrunner,
and Johannes Rudolph
218
Sequence Database Compression for Peptide Identification
from Tandem Mass Spectra
Nathan Edwards and Ross Lippert
230
Linear Reduction for Haplotype Inference
Jingwu He and Alex Zelikovsky
242
A New Integer Programming Formulation for the Pure Parsimony Problem
in Haplotype Analysis
Daniel G. Brown and Ian M. Harrower
254
Fast Hare: A Fast Heuristic
for Single Individual SNP Haplotype Reconstruction
Alessandro Panconesi and Mauro Sozio
266
Approximation Algorithms for the Selection of Robust Tag SNPs
Yao-Ting Huang, Kui Zhang, Ting Chen, and Kun-Mao Chao
278
The Minisatellite Transformation Problem Revisited:
A Run Length Encoded Approach
Behshad Behzadi and Jean-Marc Steyaert
290
A Faster and More Space-Efficient Algorithm
for Inferring Arc-Annotations of RNA Sequences Through Alignment
Jesper Jansson, See-Kiong Ng, Wing-Kin Sung, and Hugo Willy
302
New Algorithms for Multiple DNA Sequence Alignment
Daniel G. Brown and Alexander K. Hudek
314
Chaining Algorithms for Alignment of Draft Sequence
Mukund Sundararajan, Michael Brudno, Kerrin Small, Arend Sidow,
and Serafim Batzoglou
326
Translation Initiation Sites Prediction with Mixture Gaussian Models
Guoliang Li, Tze- Yun Leong, and Louxin Zhang
338
Online Consensus and Agreement of Phylogenetic Trees
Tanya Y. Berger-Wolf
350
Relation of Residues in the Variable Region of 16S rDNA Sequences
and Their Relevance to Genus-Specificity
Hemant J. Purohit, and Dhananjay V. Raje
362
Topological Rearrangements and Local Search Method
for Tandem Duplication Trees
Denis Bertrand and Olivier Gascuel
374
Phylogenetic Super-networks from Partial Trees
Daniel H. Huson, Tobias Dezulian, Tobias Klöpper, and Mike A. Steel
388
Genome Identification and Classification by Short Oligo Arrays
Stanislav Angelov, Boulos Harb, Sampath Kannan, Sanjeev Khanna,
Junhyong Kim, and Li-San Wang
400
Novel Tree Edit Operations for RNA Secondary Structure Comparison
Julien Allali and Marie-France Sagot
412
The Most Probable Labeling Problem in HMMs
and Its Application to Bioinformatics
Daniel G. Brown, and
426
Integrating Sample-Driven and Pattern-Driven Approaches
in Motif Finding
Sing-Hoi Sze, Songjian Lu, and Jianer Chen
438
Finding Optimal Pairs of Patterns
Hideo Bannai, Heikki Hyyrö, Ayumi Shinohara, Masayuki Takeda,
Kenta Nakai, and Satoru Miyano
450
Finding Missing Patterns
Shunsuke Inenaga, Teemu Kivioja, and Veli Mäkinen
463
Author Index 475

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Thursday, January 6, 2011

Managing Software Deliverables A Software Development Management Methodology





by John W. Rittinghouse ISBN:155558313X
Digital Press © 2004 (315 pages)
This text describes a set of processes for establishing an effective SPMO function in a corporate setting and provides techniques and useful approaches that can be utilized to further improve overall implementation of the PMO.





Table of Contents
Managing Software Deliverables
Foreword
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Understanding the SPMO
Chapter 2 - SEP Phase I—Initiation
Chapter 3 - SEP Phase II—Analysis and Detailed Planning Phase
Chapter 4 - SEP Phase III—Detailed Design Phase
Chapter 5 - SEP Phase IV—Construction Phase
Chapter 6 - SEP Phase V: Testing
Chapter 7 - SEP Phase VI—Implementation
Chapter 8 - SEP Phase VII—Support Phase
Chapter 9 - SEP Phase VIII—Project Closeout
Chapter 10 - Project Wizardry 101
Chapter 11 - Some Software Best Practices to Consider
Chapter 12 - Putting It All Together
Glossary
Common SPMO Acronyms and Abbreviations
Appendix A - Roadmaps
Appendix B - Answers
Appendix C - Software Notes
References
Index
List of Figures


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Embedded Control Systems in C/C++: An Introduction for Software Developers Using MATLAB






by Jim Ledin ISBN:1578201276
CMP Books © 2004 (252 pages)
The author of this text illustrates how to implement control systems in your resource-limited embedded systems. Using C or C++, you will learn to design and test control systems to ensure a high level of performance and robustness.

CD Content




Table of Contents
Embedded Control Systems in C/C++—An Introduction for Software Developers Using MATLAB
Preface
Chapter 1 - Control Systems Basics
Chapter 2 - PID Control
Chapter 3 - Plant Models
Chapter 4 - Classical Control System Design
Chapter 5 - Pole Placement
Chapter 6 - Optimal Control
Chapter 7 - MIMO Systems
Chapter 8 - Discrete-Time Systems and Fixed-Point Mathematics
Chapter 9 - Control System Integration and Testing
Chapter 10 - Wrap-Up and Design Example
Glossary
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Advanced Concepts
List of Sidebars


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M-CommerceTechnologies, Services,and Business Models





By Norman Sadeh
Acknowledgments xi
Part One The M-Commerce Revolution 1
Chapter 1 M-Commerce: What’s the Buzz All About? 3
Introduction 3
What Is M-Commerce? 5
NTTDoCoMo’s i-Mode Portal 5
Nordea’s WAP Solo Mobile Banking Service 9
Webraska’s SmartZone Platform 11
The Forces Behind the M-Commerce “Revolution” 14
Proliferation of Mobile Devices 14
Convergence of Mobile Telecommunication
Networks and the Internet 16
Transition Toward Third-Generation
Telecommunication Technologies
and Higher Data Rates 18
Explosion of Personalized, Location-Sensitive,
and Context-Aware Applications
and Services 21
What’s So Special about M-Commerce? 22
The Usability Challenge 23
New Usage Scenarios 24
New Business Models 25
Interoperability Challenge 26
Security and Privacy Challenges 26
How This Book Is Organized 27
Part I: The M-Commerce Revolution 28
Part II: The Technologies of M-Commerce 28
Part III: M-Commerce Services Today
and Tomorrow 30
Further Readings 31
Chapter 2 A First Look at the Broader M-Commerce Value Chain 33
Introduction 33
Infrastructure Equipment Vendors 34
Software Vendors 36
Content Providers 37
User Fee Business Models 38
Shopping Business Models 40
Marketing Business Models 41
Improved Efficiency Models 43
Advertising Business Models 44
Revenue-Sharing Business Models 47
Content Aggregators 48
Mobile Network Operators 48
Mobile Portals 52
Third-Party Billing and Payment Providers 55
Mobile Device Manufacturers 56
Wireless Application Service Providers (WASPs) 57
Location Information Brokers 59
Concluding Remarks 61
Part Two The Technologies of M-Commerce 63
Chapter 3 Mobile Communications: The Transition to 3G 65
Introduction 65
Mobile Communications: A Quick Primer 66
Historical Perspective 66
Basic Architecture 68
What Is So Special about Mobile Communication? 69
Basic Multiplexing Schemes 70
Separating Uplink and Downlink Traffic 76
The 2G Landscape 76
A Closer Look at GSM 78
A Word about Roaming and Billing 82
Transition Toward 3G 83
GSM Migration 84
TDMA Migration 91
PDC Migration 92
CdmaOne Migration 92
Concluding Remarks 94

Chapter 4 The Mobile Internet 99
Introduction 99
Putting Things in Perspective 100
What Happens When We Try to Run TCP/IP
on a Mobile Network? 102
Mobile IP: Routing Packets to Mobile Nodes 103
TCP: The Wireless Link Requires
Special Treatment 105
The Mobile Internet: Early Precursors 107
Enter the Wireless Application Protocol 110
Overview of the WAP Architecture 111
WAP Gateway and Legacy Protocol Stack 112
Operating without a WAP Gateway 113
A Closer Look at the WAP Protocol Stacks 113
WAP Legacy Protocol Stack 114
WAP Protocol Stack for Fast Bearers
with Built-In IP 117
The Wireless Application Environment 119
The WAP Usability Saga 122
Evolving Application Architectures—
How Open is the Mobile Internet? 125
A Word about Java and MExE 128
Concluding Remarks 129
Chapter 5 Mobile Security and Payment 131
Introduction 131
Revisiting Security: The Role of Cryptography 133
Secret Key Cryptography 134
GSM’s SIM-Based Authentication:
An Example of Symmetric Cryptography 136
Public Key Cryptography 137
Digital Signatures 140
Certificate Authorities 141
Combining Public and Secret Key Cryptography 142
Message Authentication Codes 143
The Combinations Are Many 143
Revisiting WAP Security and the Role of the
WIM Module 144
Mobile Payment 146
Mobile Payment Standardization Efforts 154
Different Mobile Payment Scenarios 154
MeT in Slow Motion 155
Concluding Remarks 156
Part Three M-Commerce Services Today and Tomorrow 157
Chapter 6 Mobile Commerce Services Today 159
Introduction 159
Revisiting Mobile Portals 162
Voice Portals 165
Mobile Information Services 166
Mobile Directory Services 166
Mobile Banking and Trading 167
Mobile E-Tailing and E-Ticketing 170
Mobile Entertainment 173
Digital Bridges: A Typical Game ASP 176
Mobile Business Applications and Services 177
Concluding Remarks 179
Chapter 7 Next-Generation M-Commerce 181
Introduction 181
Next-Generation M-Commerce Scenarios 182
Personalization 185
3GPP’s Personal Service Environment 186
Microsoft’s .NET Passport 186
Location-Based Services 189
A Brief Overview of Competing Positioning Solutions 191
Handset-Based Positioning Solutions 191
Network-Based Positioning Solutions 193
A Fragmented Landscape 194
SignalSoft: An Example of a Location-Based
Service Provider 195
Toward Context-Aware Services 197
Concluding Remarks 200
Chapter 8 Early Lessons and Future Prospects 201
Recalibrating Early Expectations 201
Early Success Ingredients 203
From Killing Dead Time to Context-Awareness 204
From Authentication and Billing to Personalization 206
Convergence of the Fixed and Mobile Internet 207
Concluding Remarks 208
Glossary 209
References 229
Index 239
About the Author 255

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Wednesday, January 5, 2011

Teach Yourself HTML 3.2 in 24 Hours




Author: Dick Oliver

Introduction

Part I Your First Web Page

Hour 1 Welcome to HTML
2 Creating a Web Page
3 Linking to Other Web Pages
4 Publishing Your HTML Pages

Part II Web Page Text

Hour 5 Text Formatting and Alignment
6 Font Control and Special Characters
7 Arranging Text in Lists
8 Intra-Page and E-mail Links

Part III Web Page Graphics

Hour 9 Putting Images on a Web Page
10 Creating Web Page Images
11 Making Pages Display Quickly
12 Creating Animated Graphics

Part IV Web Page Design

Hour 13 Backgrounds and Color Control
14 Page Design and Layout
15 Image Maps
16 Advanced Layout with Tables

Part V Interactive Web Pages

Hour 17 Interactive Layout with Frames
18 Creating HTML Forms
19 Embedding Multimedia in Web Pages
20 Scripting, Applets, and ActiveX

Part VI Building a Web Site

Hour 21 Organizing Multiple Pages
22 HTML Tags for Site Management
23 Web Site Authoring Tools
24 Preparing for the Future of HTML

Part V Appendixes

A HTML Learning Resources on the Internet
B HTML Quick Reference

Glossary

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Fundamental of Neural Networks





by Laurene V. Fausett

PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Why Neural Networks, and Why Now? 1
1.2 What Is a Neural Net? 3
1.2.1 Artificial Neural Networks, 3
1.2.2 Biological Neural Networks, 5
1.3 Where Are Neural Nets Being Used? 7
1.3.1 Signal Processing, 7
1.3.2 Control, 8
1.3.3 Pattern Recognition, 8
1.3.4 Medicine, 9
1.3.5 Speech Production, 9
1.3.6 Speech Recognition, 10
1.3.7 Business, 11
1.4 How Are Neural Networks Used? 11
1.4.1 Typical Architectures, 12
1.4.2 Setting the Weights, 15
1.4.3 Common Activation Functions, 17
1.4.4 Summary of Notation, 20


Providing detailed examples of simple applications, this new book introduces the use of neural networks. It covers simple neural nets for pattern classification; pattern association; neural networks based on competition; adaptive-resonance theory; and more. For professionals working with neural networks.

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How To Use HTML 3.2





CONTENTS
Introduction

Chapter 1 Understanding the World Wide Web

How the World Wide Web Works
Tip Sheet
How Do URLs Work?
Tip Sheet
How to Use a Web Browser
Tip Sheet
How to Use a Hypertext Link
Tip Sheet
Chapter 2 HTML and the Web

How HTML Works with the Web
Tip Sheet
Six Cool Things You Can Do with HTML
Tip Sheet
Chapter 3 Getting Started with HTML

How to Use Notepad
Tip Sheet
How to Use Markup Tags
Tip Sheet
How to Write a Simple HTML Document
Tip Sheet
How to Use Special HTML Editing Software
Chapter 4 Understanding the Basics of HTML

How to Use the Head Section
Tip Sheet
How to Use the Body Section
Tip Sheet
How to Use Headings
Tip Sheet
How to Use the Paragraph Tag
Tip Sheet
How to Use Special Characters
Tip Sheet
Chapter 5 Formatting Text

How to Format Characters with Physical Tags
Tip Sheet
How to Format Characters with Logical Markup Tags
How to Format Paragraphs
Tip Sheet
How to Use Text Breaks
Tip Sheet
How to Use Preformatted Text
Tip Sheet
Chapter 6 Using Hypertext Links

How to Create a Hyperlink
Tip Sheet
How to Use the ID Attribute
Tip Sheet
How to Use Relative Path Names
Tip Sheet
Chapter 7 Creating Lists in HTML

How to Create Unordered Lists
Tip Sheet
How to Create Ordered Lists
Tip Sheet
How to Create Definition Lists
Tip Sheet
How to Create Lists within Lists
Tip Sheet
Chapter 8 Adding Graphics to HTML

What Are GIF and JPEG Files?
Tip Sheet
How to Convert a Bitmap to a GIF File
Tip Sheet
How to Add an Image to Your HTML Document
Tip Sheet
How to Format Images in HTML
Tip Sheet
Chapter 9 Advanced Graphics Techniques

How to Change Colors in HTML
Tip Sheet
How to Create an Interlaced GIF File
Tip Sheet
How to Create a Background Image in HTML
Tip Sheet
How to Create a Transparent Image in HTML
Tip Sheet
Chapter 10 Getting Feedback with Forms

How to Create a Simple Form
Tip Sheet
How to Use Input Fields in Forms
Tip Sheet
How CGI Makes Your Forms Work
Tip Sheet
Chapter 11 Using Tables

How to Create a Simple Table
Tip Sheet
How to Format Tables
Tip Sheet
Chapter 12 Creating Clickable Images

How to Create a Clickable Image
Tip Sheet
How to Create a Map File
Tip Sheet
How to Define an Image Map in HTML
Tip Sheet
Chapter 13 Using the Netscape Extensions

How to Use Netscape's Formatting Extensions
Tip Sheet
How to Extend Your Lists with Netscape
Tip Sheet
How to Extend Horizontal Rules
Tip Sheet
How to Use Client-Side Image Maps
Tip Sheet
Chapter 14 Using Netscape Frames

How to Create Frame Documents
Tip Sheet
How to Use Targets in Frames
Tip Sheet
Extending Your Frames
Tip Sheet
How to Create Nested Frames
Tip Sheet
Chapter 15 Using the Internet Explorer Extensions

How to Use Internet Explorer's Formatting Extensions
Tip Sheet
How to Play Sound and Video Clips with Internet Explorer
Tip Sheet
How to Use Scrolling Text Marquees
Tip Sheet
Extending Tables with Internet Explorer
Tip Sheet
Chapter 16 Converting Existing Documents to HTML

How to Convert Text Files to HTML with HotDog Professional
Tip Sheet
How to Convert Microsoft Word Documents to HTML
Tip Sheet
Chapter 17 Working with Multiple HTML Documents

How to Organize Multiple HTML Documents
Tip Sheet
How to Use Navigational Aids
Tip Sheet
Chapter 18 The Future of HTML

Java
Tip Sheet
Plug-Ins
Tip Sheet
Appendix HTML Quick Reference

Basic Document Tags
Style/Formatting Tags
Block Elements
Form Elements
Hypertext Link Elements
Image and Sound Tags
List Elements
Table Elements
Character Entities
Latin 1 Character Set (Named Character Entities)
Numbered Character Entities

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Tuesday, January 4, 2011

Longman Preparation Series for the toeic test Advanced 3e





Longman Preparation Series for the TOEIC Test: Advanced Course, 3 Edition
Pearson ESL | 2004 | ISBN: 0130988421 | 390 pages | PDF | 81 MB
Longman Preparation Series for the TOEIC® Test: Advanced Course, Third Edition, by Lin Lougheed, gives advanced students the skills, strategies, practice, and confidence they need to increase their scores on the TOEIC® Test. Ideal for a TOEIC® Test Preparation course or for self-study, the Advanced Course is intended for students who achieve TOEIC® Test scores from 450 to 850.

The Advanced Course features
Step-by-step strategies and skills to improve performance on each section of the test
An audio CD packaged with the book that includes practice material from the Listening Comprehension Review section from the book
Over 1,000 practice items that reflect the format and content of the TOEIC® Test
Complete Review Tests for both Listening Comprehnesion and Reading
Two complete Practice Tests, with accompanying TOEIC® Test-style answer sheets, for diagnosis or assessment and to accustom students to TOEIC® Test conditions.


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Neural Networks, A Comprehensive Foundation, 2E





Table of Contents



1. Introduction.


2. Learning Processes.


3. Single-Layer Perceptrons.


4. Multilayer Perceptrons.


5. Radial-Basis Function Networks.


6. Support Vector Machines.


7. Committee Machines.


8. Principal Components Analysis.


9. Self-Organizing Maps.


10. Information-Theoretic Models.


11. Stochastic Machines & Their Approximates Rooted in Statistical Mechanics.


12. Neurodynamic Programming.


13. Temporal Processing Using Feedforward Networks.


14. Neurodynamics.


15. Dynamically Driven Recurrent Networks.


Epilogue.


Bibliography.


Index.



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Monday, January 3, 2011

Fundamentals of English Grammar,Third Edition






By Betty Schrampfer Azar
Publisher: Pearson Education


PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
General Aims of Fundamentals of English Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Classroom Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Suggestions for Presenting the Grammar Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Degrees of Teacher and Student Involvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Interactive Group and Pair Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Monitoring Errors in Interactive Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
Techniques for Exercise Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
Fill-in-the-Blanks and Controlled Completion Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
Open Completion Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Transformation and Combination Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Oral Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
Writing Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Error-Analysis Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Preview Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Discussion-of-Meaning Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Games and Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Pronunciation Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Seatwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Homework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Using the Workbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Supplementary Resource Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Notes on American vs. British English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Differences in Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii
Differences in Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Differences in Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Key to Pronunciation Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
The Phonetic Alphabet (Symbols for American English) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
Consonants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
Vowels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
NOTES AND ANSWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 1 PRESENT TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1-1 The simple present and the present progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1-2 Forms of the simple present and the present progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1-3 Frequency adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1-4 Final -s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1-5 Spelling of final -s/-es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1-6 Non-action verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1-7 Present verbs: short answers to yes/no questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Chapter 2 PAST TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2-2 Forms of the simple past: regular verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2-3 Forms of the simple past: be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2-4 Regular verbs: pronunciation of -ed endings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2-5 Spelling of -ing and -ed forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2-6 The principal parts of a verb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2-7 Irregular verbs: a reference list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2-8 The simple past and the past progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2-9 Forms of the past progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2-10 Expressing past time: using time clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2-11 Expressing past habit: used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Chapter 3 FUTURE TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3-1 Expressing future time: be going to and will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3-2 Forms with be going to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3-3 Forms with will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3-4 Sureness about the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3-5 Be going to vs. will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3-6 Expressing the future in time clauses and if-clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3-7 Using the present progressive to express future time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3-8 Using the simple present to express future time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3-9 Immediate future: using be about to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3-10 Parallel verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Chapter 4 THE PRESENT PERFECT AND THE PAST PERFECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4-1 Past participle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4-2 Forms of the present perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4-3 Meanings of the present perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4-4 Simple past vs. present perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4-5 Using since and for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4-6 Present perfect progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4-7 Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4-8 Using already, yet, still, and anymore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4-9 Past perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Chapter 5 ASKING QUESTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5-1 Yes/no questions and short answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5-2 Yes/no questions and information questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5-3 Where, why, when, and what time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5-4 Questions with who, who(m), and what . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5-5 Spoken and written contractions with question words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5-6 Using what a form of do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5-7 Using what kind of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5-8 Using which . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5-9 Using whose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5-10 Using how . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5-11 Using how often . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5-12 Using how far . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5-13 Length of time: it take and how long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5-14 More questions with how . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5-15 Using how about and what about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5-16 Tag questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Chapter 6 NOUNS AND PRONOUNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
6-1 Pronunciation of final -s/-es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6-2 Plural forms of nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6-3 Subjects, verbs, and objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6-4 Objects of prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6-5 Prepositions of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
6-6 Word order: place and time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6-7 Subject–verb agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6-8 Using adjectives to describe nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6-9 Using nouns as adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6-10 Personal pronouns: subjects and objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6-11 Possessive nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6-12 Possessive pronouns and adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6-13 Reflexive pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6-14 Singular forms of other: another vs. the other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6-15 Plural forms of other: other(s) vs. the other(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6-16 Summary of forms of other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Chapter 7 MODAL AUXILIARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
7-1 The form of modal auxiliaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7-2 Expressing ability: can and could . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
7-3 Expressing possibility: may and might
Expressing permission: may and can . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7-4 Using could to express possibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7-5 Polite questions: may I, could I, can I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
7-6 Polite questions: would you, could you, will you, can you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
7-7 Expressing advice: should and ought to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
7-8 Expressing advice: had better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7-9 Expressing necessity: have to, have got to, must . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7-10 Expressing lack of necessity: do not have to
Expressing prohibition: must not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7-11 Making logical conclusions: must . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
7-12 Giving instructions: imperative sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
7-13 Making suggestions: let’s and why don’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7-14 Stating preferences: prefer, like . . . better, would rather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Chapter 8 CONNECTING IDEAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
8-1 Connecting ideas with and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
8-3 Connecting ideas with so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
8-4 Using auxiliary verbs after but and and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
8-5 Using and too, so, either, neither . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
8-6 Connecting ideas with because . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
8-7 Connecting ideas with even though/although . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Chapter 9 COMPARISONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
9-1 Making comparisons with as . . . as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
9-2 Comparative and superlative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
9-3 Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
9-4 Completing a comparative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
9-5 Modifying comparatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
9-6 Comparisons with less . . . than and not as . . . as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
9-7 Unclear comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
9-8 Using more with nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
9-9 Repeating a comparative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
9-10 Using double comparatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
9-11 Using superlatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
9-12 Using the same, similar, different, like, alike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Chapter 10 THE PASSIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
10-1 Active sentences and passive sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
10-2 Form of the passive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
10-3 Transitive and intransitive verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
10-4 Using the by-phrase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
10-5 The passive forms of the present and past progressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
10-6 Passive modal auxiliaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
10-7 Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
10-8 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
10-9 Get adjective; get past participle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
10-10 Using be used/accustomed to and get used/accustomed to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
10-11 Used to vs. be used to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
10-12 Using be supposed to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Chapter 11 COUNT/NONCOUNT NOUNS AND ARTICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
11-1 A vs. an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
11-2 Count and noncount nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
11-3 Noncount nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
11-4 More noncount nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
11-5 Using several, a lot of, many/much, and a few/a little . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
11-6 Nouns that can be count or noncount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
11-7 Using units of measure with noncount nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
11-8 Guidelines for article usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
11-9 Using the or Ø with names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
11-10 Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Chapter 12 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
12-1 Adjective clauses: introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
12-2 Using who and whom in adjective clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
12-3 Using who, who(m), and that in adjective clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
12-4 Using which and that in adjective clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
12-5 Singular and plural verbs in adjective clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
12-6 Using prepositions in adjective clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
12-7 Using whose in adjective clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Chapter 13 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
13-1 Verb gerund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
13-2 Go -ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
13-3 Verb infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
13-4 Verb gerund or infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
13-5 Preposition gerund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
13-6 Using by and with to express how something is done . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
13-7 Using gerunds as subjects; using it infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
13-8 It infinitive: using for (someone) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
13-9 Expressing purpose with in order to and for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
13-10 Using infinitives with too and enough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Chapter 14 NOUN CLAUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
14-1 Noun clauses: introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
14-2 Noun clauses that begin with a question word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
14-3 Noun clauses with who, what, whose be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
14-4 Noun clauses that begin with if or whether . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
14-5 Noun clauses that begin with that . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
14-6 Other uses of that-clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
14-7 Substituting so for a that-clause in conversational responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
14-8 Quoted speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
14-9 Quoted speech vs. reported speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
14-10 Verb forms in reported speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
14-11 Common reporting verbs: tell, ask, answer/reply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Appendix 1 PHRASAL VERBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
A1-1 Phrasal verbs: introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
A1-2 Phrasal verbs: intransitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
A1-3 Three-word phrasal verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
A1-4 Phrasal verbs: a reference list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Appendix 2 PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
A2-1 Preposition combinations: introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
A2-2 Preposition combinations: a reference list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

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Core Servlets and JSP













Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xix
About the Author xx
Introduction xxi
Real Code for Real Programmers xxii
How This Book Is Organized xxiii
Conventions xxvii
About the Web Site xxvii
Part 1
Servlets 2.1 and 2.2 2
Chapter 1
Overview of Servlets and JavaServer Pages 4
1.1 Servlets 5
1.2 The Advantages of Servlets Over “Traditional” CGI 7
Efficient 7
Convenient 7
Powerful 8
Portable 8
Secure 8
Inexpensive 9
1.3 JavaServer Pages 9
1.4 The Advantages of JSP 10
Versus Active Server Pages (ASP) 10
Versus PHP 10
Versus Pure Servlets 11
Versus Server-Side Includes (SSI) 11
Versus JavaScript 11
Versus Static HTML 12
1.5 Installation and Setup 12
Obtain Servlet and JSP Software 12
Bookmark or Install the Servlet and JSP API Documentation 14
Identify the Classes to the Java Compiler 14
Package the Classes 15
Configure the Server 16
Start the Server 17
Compile and Install Your Servlets 18
Chapter 2
First Servlets 20
2.1 Basic Servlet Structure 21
2.2 A Simple Servlet Generating Plain Text 23
Compiling and Installing the Servlet 24
Invoking the Servlet 25
2.3 A Servlet That Generates HTML 26
2.4 Packaging Servlets 27
Creating Servlets in Packages 28
Compiling Servlets in Packages 29
Invoking Servlets in Packages 30
2.5 Simple HTML-Building Utilities 31
2.6 The Servlet Life Cycle 34
The init Method 34
The service Method 36
The doGet, doPost, and doXxx Methods 37
The SingleThreadModel Interface 38
The destroy Method 38
2.7 An Example Using Initialization Parameters 39
2.8 An Example Using Servlet Initialization and Page Modification Dates 44
2.9 Debugging Servlets 50
2.10 WebClient: Talking to Web Servers Interactively 52
WebClient 52
HttpClient 55
NetworkClient 57
SocketUtil 59
CloseableFrame 60
LabeledTextField 61
Interruptible 63
Chapter 3
Handling the Client Request: Form Data 64
3.1 The Role of Form Data 65
3.2 Reading Form Data from Servlets 66
3.3 Example: Reading Three Explicit Parameters 67
3.4 Example: Reading All Parameters 70
3.5 A Resumé Posting Service 74
3.6 Filtering Strings for HTML-Specific Characters 87
Code for Filtering 88
Example 89
Chapter 4
Handling the Client Request: HTTP Request Headers 92
4.1 Reading Request Headers from Servlets 94
4.2 Printing All Headers 96
4.3 HTTP 1.1 Request Headers 98
4.4 Sending Compressed Web Pages 104
4.5 Restricting Access to Web Pages 107
Chapter 5
Accessing the Standard CGI Variables 114
5.1 Servlet Equivalent of CGI Variables 116
5.2 A Servlet That Shows the CGI Variables 119
Chapter 6
Generating the Server Response: HTTP Status Codes 122
6.1 Specifying Status Codes 124
6.2 HTTP 1.1 Status Codes and Their Purpose 126
6.3 A Front End to Various Search Engines 135
Chapter 7
Generating the Server Response: HTTP Response Headers 142
7.1 Setting Response Headers from Servlets 143
7.2 HTTP 1.1 Response Headers and Their Meaning 145
7.3 Persistent Servlet State and Auto-Reloading Pages 154
7.4 Using Persistent HTTP Connections 163
7.5 Using Servlets to Generate GIF Images 168
Chapter 8
Handling Cookies 178
8.1 Benefits of Cookies 179
Identifying a User During an E-commerce Session 180
Avoiding Username and Password 180
Customizing a Site 180
Focusing Advertising 181
8.2 Some Problems with Cookies 181
8.3 The Servlet Cookie API 183
Creating Cookies 183
Cookie Attributes 183
Placing Cookies in the Response Headers 186
Reading Cookies from the Client 186
8.4 Examples of Setting and Reading Cookies 186
8.5 Basic Cookie Utilities 190
Finding Cookies with Specified Names 190
Creating Long-Lived Cookies 191
8.6 A Customized Search Engine Interface 191
Chapter 9
Session Tracking 198
9.1 The Need for Session Tracking 199
Cookies 200
URL-Rewriting 200
Hidden Form Fields 201
Session Tracking in Servlets 201
9.2 The Session Tracking API 201
Looking Up the HttpSession Object Associated with the Current
Request 202
Looking Up Information Associated with a Session 202
Associating Information with a Session 205
Terminating Sessions 206
Encoding URLs Sent to the Client 206
9.3 A Servlet Showing Per-Client Access Counts 207
9.4 An On-Line Store Using a Shopping Cart and Session Tracking 209
Building the Front End 210
Handling the Orders 215
Behind the Scenes: Implementing the Shopping Cart and
Catalog Items 220
Part 2
JavaServer Pages 228
Chapter 10
JSP Scripting Elements 230
10.1 Scripting Elements 233
Template Text 234
10.2 JSP Expressions 234
Predefined Variables 234
XML Syntax for Expressions 235
Using Expressions as Attribute Values 235
Example 236
10.3 JSP Scriptlets 238
Using Scriptlets to Make Parts of the JSP File Conditional 241
Special Scriptlet Syntax 242
10.4 JSP Declarations 242
Special Declaration Syntax 244
10.5 Predefined Variables 244
Chapter 11
The JSP page Directive: Structuring Generated Servlets 246
11.1 The impot Attribute 248
Directories for Custom Classes 248
Example 249
11.2 The contentType Attribute 251
Generating Plain Text Documents 252
Generating Excel Spreadsheets 254
11.3 The isThreadSafe Attribute 258
11.4 The session Attribute 259
11.5 The buffer Attribute 259
11.6 The autoflush Attribute 260
11.7 The extends Attribute 260
11.8 The info Attribute 260
11.9 The errorPage Attribute 261
11.10 The isErrorPage Attribute 261
11.11 The language Attribute 264
11.12 XML Syntax for Directives 265
Chapter 12
Including Files and Applets in JSP Documents 266
12.1 Including Files at Page Translation Time 268
12.2 Including Files at Request Time 270
12.3 Including Applets for the Java Plug-In 274
The jsp:plugin Element 275
The jsp:param and jsp:params Elements 277
The jsp:fallback Element 278
Example: Building Shadowed Text 279
Chapter 13
Using JavaBeans with JSP 286
13.1 Basic Bean Use 288
Accessing Bean Properties 290
Setting Bean Properties: Simple Case 290
Installing Bean Classes 291
13.2 Example: StringBean 292
13.3 Setting Bean Properties 294
Associating Individual Properties with Input Parameters 298
Automatic Type Conversions 300
Associating All Properties with Input Parameters 301
13.4 Sharing Beans 302
Conditional Bean Creation 304
Chapter 14
Creating Custom JSP Tag Libraries 308
14.1 The Components That Make Up a Tag Library 310
The Tag Handler Class 310
The Tag Library Descriptor File 311
The JSP File 313
14.2 Defining a Basic Tag 314
The Tag Handler Class 315
The Tag Library Descriptor File 316
The JSP File 318
14.3 Assigning Attributes to Tags 319
The Tag Handler Class 319
The Tag Library Descriptor File 321
The JSP File 322
14.4 Including the Tag Body 323
The Tag Handler Class 324
The Tag Library Descriptor File 326
The JSP File 328
14.5 Optionally Including the Tag Body 329
The Tag Handler Class 329
The Tag Library Descriptor File 331
The JSP File 332
14.6 Manipulating the Tag Body 334
The Tag Handler Class 334
The Tag Library Descriptor File 335
The JSP File 336
14.7 Including or Manipulating the Tag Body Multiple Times 338
The Tag Handler Class 338
The Tag Library Descriptor File 340
The JSP File 341
14.8 Using Nested Tags 341
The Tag Handler Classes 342
The Tag Library Descriptor File 348
The JSP File 350
Chapter 15
Integrating Servlets and JSP 352
15.1 Forwarding Requests 354
Using Static Resources 354
Supplying Information to the Destination Pages 355
Interpreting Relative URLs in the Destination Page 357
Alternative Means of Getting a RequestDispatcher 358
15.2 Example: An On-Line Travel Agent 358
15.3 Including Static or Dynamic Content 375
15.4 Example: Showing Raw Servlet and JSP Output 377
15.5 Forwarding Requests From JSP Pages 380
Part 3
Supporting Technologies 382
Chapter 16
Using HTML Forms 384
16.1 How HTML Forms Transmit Data 385
16.2 The FORM Element 390
16.3 Text Controls 395
Textfields 395
Password Fields 397
Text Areas 398
16.4 Push Buttons 400
Submit Buttons 401
Reset Buttons 404
JavaScript Buttons 405
16.5 Check Boxes and Radio Buttons 405
Check Boxes 406
Radio Buttons 407
16.6 Combo Boxes and List Boxes 409
16.7 File Upload Controls 412
16.8 Server-Side Image Maps 414
IMAGE—Standard Server-Side Image Maps 414
ISMAP—Alternative Server-Side Image Maps 417
16.9 Hidden Fields 419
16.10 Grouping Controls 420
16.11 Controlling Tab Order 422
16.12 A Debugging Web Server 423
EchoServer 423
ThreadedEchoServer 427
NetworkServer 428
Chapter 17
Using Applets As Servlet Front Ends 432
17.1 Sending Data with GET and Displaying the Resultant Page 434
17.2 A Multisystem Search Engine Front End 435
17.3 Sending Data with GET and Processing the Results Directly
(HTTP Tunneling) 438
Reading Binary or ASCII Data 439
Reading Serialized Data Structures 441
17.4 A Query Viewer That Uses Object Serialization and HTTP
Tunneling 443
17.5 Sending Data by POST and Processing the Results Directly
(HTTP Tunneling) 450
17.6 An Applet That Sends POST Data 453
17.7 Bypassing the HTTP Server 459
Chapter 18
JDBC and Database Connection Pooling 460
18.1 Basic Steps in Using JDBC 462
Load the Driver 462
Define the Connection URL 463
Establish the Connection 464
Create a Statement 465
Execute a Query 465
Process the Results 465
Close the Connection 466
18.2 Basic JDBC Example 467
18.3 Some JDBC Utilities 473
18.4 Applying the Database Utilities 482
18.5 An Interactive Query Viewer 487
Query Viewer Code 489
18.6 Prepared Statements (Precompiled Queries) 497
18.7 Connection Pooling 501
18.8 Connection Pooling: A Case Study 508
18.9 Sharing Connection Pools 515
Using the Servlet Context to Share Connection Pools 515
Using Singleton Classes to Share Connection Pools 516

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Easy English Grammar 1














Title: Easy English Grammar 1
Level: Elementary
Author(s): David Charlton and Liana Robinson
Publisher: Compass Publishing
Date: Jan 1, 2005
Pages: 70
Size: 4.55 Mb
Format: PDF
Quality: Very good, well-scanned
Language: American English

Easy English Grammar is a clear and concise grammar reference series designed for young English language learners. Easy English Grammar blends concrete grammar explanations and exercises with engaging activities to help students acquire a solid foundation of basic, high-frequency structures.

The communicative picture-based activities in each unit of the series support young EFL/ESL learners in the first stages of English language development.

Features
• Creative activities for practicing new grammar points
• Fun, full-color illustrations to stimulate learner interest
• Two review sections in each level, including board games based on previous lessons
• Two comprehensive review tests
• Colorful flash cards and fun review games
• Word list including all new vocabulary within each book
• Free downloadable sample lessons in video format


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Saturday, January 1, 2011

Professional XML Databases











KevinWilliams
Michael Brundage
Patrick Dengler
Jeff Gabriel
Andy Hoskinson
Michael Kay
Thomas Maxwell
Marcelo Ochoa
Johnny Papa
Mohan Vanmane
Wrox Press Ltd.


Summary of Contents
Introduction 1
Chapter 1: XML Design for Data 11
Chapter 2: XML Structures for Existing Databases 47
Chapter 3: Database Structures for Existing XML 67
Chapter 4: Standards Design 111
Chapter 5: XML Schemas 143
Chapter 6: DOM 191
Chapter 7: SAX – The Simple API for XML 241
Chapter 8: XSLT and XPath 285
Chapter 9: Relational References with XLink 347
Chapter 10: Other Technologies (XBase, XPointer, XInclude, XHTML, XForms) 375
Chapter 11: The XML Query Language 409
Chapter 12: Flat Files 431
Chapter 13: ADO, ADO+, and XML 481
Chapter 14: Storing and Retrieving XML in SQL Server 2000 533
Chapter 15: XML Views in SQL Server 2000 581
Chapter 16: JDBC 627
Chapter 17: Data Warehousing, Archival, and Repositories 669
Chapter 18: Data Transmission 701
Chapter 19:Marshalling and Presentation 723
Chapter 20: SQL Server 2000 XML Sample Applications 763
Chapter 21: DB Prism: A Framework to Generate Dynamic XML from a Database 807
Appendix A:XML Primer 863
Appendix B: Relational Database Primer 901
Appendix C:XML Schema Datatypes 915
Appendix D: SAX 2.0: The Simple API for XML 929
Appendix E: Setting Up a Virtual Directory for SQL Server 2000 975
Appendix F: Support, Errata and P2P.Wrox.Com 985
Index 991


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Better Information through Master Data Management - MDM as a Foundation for BI














Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
Enterprise data .................................................................................................................... 1
Transactional Data ......................................................................................................... 1
Analytical Data ............................................................................................................... 2
Master Data..................................................................................................................... 2
The Data Quality Problem ........................................................................................... 2
The MDM Solution ....................................................................................................... 3
MDM - Data Warehouse Interfaces ................................................................................ 4
Dimensions ..................................................................................................................... 4
Cross-Reference ............................................................................................................. 5
Hierarchies ...................................................................................................................... 5
Analytics Example ......................................................................................................... 5
Star Schema ................................................................................................................. 6
Query Results .............................................................................................................. 6
The Data Quality Problem ........................................................................................ 6
MDM Capabilities .............................................................................................................. 7
Data Model ..................................................................................................................... 7
Change Management ..................................................................................................... 7
Person Duplicate Identification ................................................................................... 8
Company Duplicate Identification .............................................................................. 8
Duplicate Elimination & Cross-reference .................................................................. 9
Attribute Survivorship ................................................................................................... 9
Product Standardization................................................................................................ 9
Hierarchy Management ............................................................................................... 10
Updated Star Schema .................................................................................................. 10
Re-Run the Query ........................................................................................................ 10
Top Ten Example ........................................................................................................ 11
Pre-defined Mappings ................................................................................................. 11
Analytical & Operational MDM..................................................................................... 11
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 13


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English Tenses (Picture of English Tenses) Elementary













Pictures (Side A) / Exercises (Side B)
1 The ‘BIG PICTURE’ Overview of tenses
2 ‘To be’ & ‘To have’ Present Simple
3 ‘To go’ & ‘To like’ Present Simple
4 ‘My day ..... ’ Present Simple
5 ‘What is she doing ......?’ Present Continuous
6 ‘Usually but .....’ Present Simple or Continuous ?
7 ‘Bill’s holiday’ Past Simple
8 ‘Betty’s day out’ More Past Simple
9 ‘World traveller’ Future ‘Will’
10 ‘After work’ Future ‘Going to’
11 ‘In my bag ...’ ‘Have got’
12 ‘Rainbow Grammar’ Revision


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