The Little Red Writing Book

CONTENTS
Stepping out 7
A prologue on diction, structure, magic and democracy
Chapter 1 Lore 17
On voice, music, care and thrift
Chapter 2 Sentencing 51
On the craft of the sentence
Chapter 3 Grace 109
On style, economy and poise
Chapter 4 Poetics 148
On creative writing
Chapter 5 Attitude 204
On manners and your reader
Chapter 6 Shapely thoughts 218
On thought, planning, structure and paragraphs
Amen 255
An epilogue on beauty, honesty and civility
Further reading 257
Acknowledgments 259


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Working with Foucault in Education

CONTENTS







Acknowledgments ix

Foreword xi

1 Getting to grips with Foucault 1
The imprtance of theory 1
A context for Foucault’s ideas 3
Foucault and poststructuralism 5
A brief history of Foucault’s counter-history 6
Early work 8
From archaeology to genealogy to ethics 9
Key concepts 17
Conclusion 25

2 An archaeology of learning 27
Behaviourism 28
Cognitivism 29
Constructivism 31
Sociocultural formulations 32
Activity/Situativity/Social practice theory 34
Conclusion 37

3 Discourse analysis 39
Discourse 40
Discourse analysis 44
Subject positions and texts 45
The policy text in context 46
Conclusion 62

4 The subjectivity of the learner 65
Subjectivity as constituted in discourses 66
Power 67
Knowledge 69
Donna’s mathematical performance 71
Conclusion 77

5 Students’ identity at the cultural crossroads 79
Identity 80
Colliding discourses 82
Mothers and daughters and low socio-economic status 85
Mothers and daughters and high socio-economic status 89
Reflections on identity 93




CONTENTS

6 Learning to teach in context 95
Teachers’ identities’ explained 95
Dividing practices 99
Exploring context in identity construction 102
Three moments of identity 103
Reflections on context in identity construction 109

7 Subjectivity and regulatory practices 111
Disciplinary power 112
Subjectification 114
An exploration into the constitution of teaching 115
Transitory positions 116
Regulatory practices 119
Technologies of surveillance and normalisation 124
Concluding thoughts on the constitution of teaching 127

8 Girls disciplining others 129
Normalisation 129
Stories about girls (and boys) in schooling 131
The study 133
Girls monitoring boys in the classroom 134
Girls monitoring other girls in the classroom 137
Closing comments about disciplining practices 140

9 Research 143
Knowing others 144
Research traditions 144
Rethinking research 146
Constructing reality 149
Breaking away from convention 152
Rachel’s story 155
Reflections on research 163

10 Endings marking new beginnings 165
Looking back 166
Looking forward 168

Bibliography 171

Suggestions for further reading 177

Foucault’s work: A selection 177

Index 181


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Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis

This book is designed as an introduction to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and gives an overview of the various theories and methods associated with this sociolinguistic approach. It also introduces the reader to the leading figures in CDA and the methods to which they are most closely related. The text aims to provide a comprehensive description of the individual methods, an understanding of the theories to which methods refer and a comparative treatment of each of these methods so that students may be able to determine which is the most appropriate to select for their particular research question. Given the balance between theory and application, plus the intended audience - no previous knowledge of CDA is assumed - Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis should be useful reading for both students and researchers in the fields of linguistics, sociology, social psychology and the social sciences in general.?

Contents
Acknowledgements vi
List of contributors vii
1 What CDA is about ± a summary of its history, iportant
concepts and its developments 1
Ruth Wodak
2 Between theory, method, and politics: positioning of the
approaches to CDA 14
Michael Meyer
3 Discourse and knowledge: theoretical and methodological
aspects of a critical discourse and dispositive analysis 32
Siegfried JaÈger
4 The discourse±historical approach 63
Ruth Wodak
5 Multidisciplinary CDA: a plea for diversity 95
Teun A. van Dijk
6 Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scienti®c
research 121
Norman Fairclough
7 Action and text: towards an integrated understanding of
the place of text in social (inter)action, mediated discourse
analysis and the problem of social action 139
Ron Scollon
References 184
Index 196

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