Digital Communications

Contents

How to Use and Preface
How to use the combined book and CD
Preface

Chapter 1: Background material
1.1 Time/frequency representation of digital signals
Fourier series
Fourier series (cont.)
The frequency domain
Spectrum of a periodic pulse train
Spectrum of a data pulse
Spectrum of a baseband binary data stream
Factors affecting signal bandwidth
Factors affecting signal bandwidth (cont.)
The Fourier transform
1.2 Trigonometric relationships
The basic mixing process
The basic mixing process (cont.2)
The basic mixing process (cont.3)
Complex mixing processes
The vector modulator
1.3 Communications networks and signalling protocols
What is a network?
A typical network configuration
Network hierarchy
Transmission standards
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
What is a protocol?
The seven-layer OSI model
Network types: circuit and packet switched network operation
Network management
Network link layer
Synchronous/asynchronous communications
Synchronous transmission
Asynchronous transmission
ASCII character format
Advantages and disadvantages of synchronous data communications
1.4 Definition of terms
Characteristics of message type
Analogue
Digital
Elements of a communications link
Transmitter
Transmission channel
Receiver
Sources of link degradation
Distortion
Interference
Noise
Transmission protocols
Simplex
Half duplex
Full duplex
Unipolar vs bipolar waveforms

Chapter 2: Data transmission fundamentals
2.1 Factors affecting system design
Technological limitations: Hardware and software availability
Technological limitations: Power consumption and Component size
Government regulations and standards
Commercial realities
2.2 Data transmission fundamentals
How quickly can information flow?
Methods of communication
Binary signalling
Multi-level signalling
Multi-level symbol operation
The bandwidth and noise trade-off
Information transfer rate
Symbol rate (baud rate)
Bandwidth efficiency
2.3 Multi-level signalling (M-ary signalling)
The relationship between bits and symbols
Example: 8-ary signalling
Advantages and disadvantages of M-art signalling
2.4 Calculation of channel capacity
Limitation due to finite bandwidth
Limitation due to finite bandwidth (cont.)
Minimum transmission bandwidth
Channel capacity restriction due to noise - the Shannon-Hartley theorem
Channel capacity restriction due to noise - the Shannon-Hartley theorem (cont.)
Power and bandwidth efficiency
Graphical representation

Chapter 3: Baseband data transmission
3.1 Introduction

3.2 Intersymbol interference (ISI)
The problem of intersymbol interference
Pulse shaping for zero ISI: Nyquist channel filtering
Pulse shaping for zero ISI: Nyquist channel filtering (cont.)
Achieving a Nyquist channel response
Nyquist filtering - example: cellular radio application
3.3 Eye diagrams
Generation of eye diagrams
Diagnosis using the eye diagram
Example of complex eye diagram
3.4 Raised cosine filtering
Raised cosine filter family
Impulse response of raised cosine filter
Eye diagrams for raised cosine filtered data
The root raised cosine filter
Implementation of digital Nyquist filters
Care with eye diagrams
Symbol timing recovery
Symbol timing circuits
Symbol timing circuits (cont.)
Summary: choice of a
3.5 Matched filtering
Recovery of symbols from noise
Recovery of symbols from noise (cont.)
The concept of an optimum (matched) filter
Designing a matched filter with ISI in mind
Bit error rate (BER) performance for baseband data systems
BER performance for matched filter detection
BER performance for matched filter detection (cont.)
Unipolar vs bipolar symbols
BER performance for M-ary signalling
Bit error rate vs symbol error rate
Gray coding
3.6 Partial response signalling
Duo-binary signalling
Duo-binary signalling (cont.)
Modified duo-binary signalling
Chapter 4: Sources and examples of channel degradation

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Gain, phase and group delay distortion
Gain distortion - filters
Gain distortion - amplifiers
Gain distortion - the channel
Phase distortion - filters
Group delay - filters
Phase distortion - amplifiers
Phase distortion - the channel
Frequency errors
Local oscillator error
Doppler shift
4.3 Interference and noise
Sources of interference
Dealing with interference
Sources of noise
Thermal noise
Shot, flicker and atmospheric noise
Characteristics of noise
4.4 The telephone channel
AC-coupled channels
NRZ vs Manchester encoding
Bandwidth efficiency of encoded data
Data encoding and the telephone channel
4.5 The wireless channel
Unguided propagation
Multipath distortion
Multipath fading
Frequency flat vs frequency selective fading
Multipath fading - the time domain problem
Coping with multipath fading
Reference sounding
Parallel transmission
Spectral spreading
Channel equalizers
Directional antenna
Predicting multipath distortion
How propagation changes with operating frequency

Chapter 5: Bandpass digital modulation

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Amplitude shift keying (ASK)
What is ASK?
Symmetry in ASK
Spectral occupancy of ASK: ASK data spectrum
Generation of ASK modulated signals
Bandwidth limited ASK
Bandpass filtering method
Baseband filtering method
Non-coherent detection
Coherent detection
Coherent detection vs non-coherent detection
Coherent detection vs non-coherent detection
Carrier recovery for ASK
Matched filtering for ASK
Symbol timing recovery
BER performance of ASK
Constellation diagrams
5.3 Frequency shift keying (FSK)
FSK waveforms
FSK generation
The vector modulator
Spectrum of FSK
Spectrum of CPFSK
Filtered FSK
Non-coherent FSK detection
Non-coherent PLL-based FSK detection
Coherent FSK detection
BER performance for FSK
Advantages and disadvantages of FSK
5.4 Phase shift keying (PSK)
Principle of PSK
Spectral occupancy for PSK
PSK generation
The effect of filtering on the PSK waveform
Detection of PSK
Carrier recovery of coherent PSK
Carrier recovery of coherent PSK
The Costas loop
Phase ambiguity in PSK carrier recovery
Differential data encoding
Differential data decoding
Differential PSK (DPSK)
Symbol timing recovery for PSK
Constellation diagram for PSK
BER performance for PSK
5.5 Comparison of binary modulation schemes
Relative BER performance
Equal average symbol energy
Equal peak symbol energy

Chapter 6: Multi-level digital modulation

6.1 Introduction

6.2 M-ary amplitude shift keying (M-ary ASK)
Implementation of M-ary ASK
Performance of M-ary ASK
6.3 M-ary frequency shift keying (M-ary FSK)
M-ary FSK application
Orthogonal signalling
Properties of orthogonal symbols
Orthogonal FSK detection
BER performance for M-ary orthogonal FSK
6.4 M-ary phase shift keying (M-ary PSK)
Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)
Implementation of QPSK - modulator
Implementation of QPSK - demodulator
Bit error performance of QPSK
Symbol error performance of QPSK
Differential QPSK (DQPSK)
BER performance of DQPSK
p/4 QPSK
Offset QPSK (OQPSK)
Spectrum of M-ary PSK
Performance of M-ary PSK
6.5 Combined amplitude and phase keying
Introduction
QAM generation
QAM detection
M-ary QAM vs M-ary PSK
BER performance for QAM
M-ary Amplitude and Phase Keying (M-ary APK)
Gray coding
6.6 Relative performance of multi-level bandpass modulation formats
Symbol error curves for M-ary formats
The Shannon limit - how close can we get?
Table of CCITT telephone modem characteristics

Chapter 7: Coding theory and practice

7.1 Source coding
Introduction
Waveform coding - A./D converters
Nyquist sampling
Nyquist sampling theorem - aliasing
Dynamic range
Quantization noise
Companding
Voice coding
Voice coding (cont.)
Intelligent source coding
7.2 Channel coding
Introduction
Types of ARQ operation
Parity
Parity (cont.)
Types of FEC coding
7.3 Block coding
Basics of block coding
Block coding analogy
Coding efficiency
Hamming codes - an example of a block code
Hamming distance
BER performance for a (7,4) Hamming code
Higher order Hamming codes
Implementation complexity
7.4 Advanced block coding
Block code families
Interleaving
Implementation
Reed-Solomon (RS) codes
7.5 Convolutional coding
Introduction
Soft decision coding
Trellis diagrams
Soft vs hard decision decoding
7.6 Combined coding and modulation
Introduction
Trellis coded modulation (TCM)
Practical issues with TCM
TCM and the Shannon limit
Source, channel and modulation coding - complete

Chapter 8: Multi-user digital modulation techniques

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Frequency division multiple access (FDMA)
Basic system operation
Wireless FDMA operation
Power control in wireless FDMA systems
Advantages of FDMA
Disadvantages of FDMA
Wavelength division multiplexing
8.3 Time division multiple access (TDMA)
Basic system operation
TDMA in a wireless environment
Example of a TDMA system
Example of a TDMA system (cont.)
Advantages of TDMA operation
Disadvantages of TDMA operation
8.4 Code division multiple access (CDMA)
CDMA systems
Frequency hopped CDMA (FH-CDMA)
Example of frequency hopped CDMA
Direct sequence CDMA
Direct sequence CDMA (cont.)
Example of direct sequence CDMA
Example of direct sequence CDMA (cont.)
Advantages of CDMA
Disadvantages of CDMA
8.5 Combined multiple access systems
Examples of FDMA/TDMA combinations
Examples of FDMA/CDMA and FDMA/FDMA combinations

Glossary

References

Index

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W-CDMA Mobile Communication Systems

Contents
Editorial Board xi
Supervisor’s Note xiii
Preface xv
1 Overview 1
Keisuke Suwa, Yoshiyuki Yasuda and Hitoshi Yoshino
1.1 Generation Change in Cellular Systems 1
1.1.1 Analog Cellular Systems 1
1.1.2 Digital Cellular Systems 3
1.1.3 Mobile Internet Services 7
1.2 Overview of IMT-2000 10
1.2.1 Objectives of IMT-2000 10
1.2.2 IMT-2000 Standardization 11
1.2.3 IMT-2000 Frequency Band 18
References 19
2 Radio Transmission Systems 21
Mamoru Sawahashi
2.1 Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) 21
2.1.1 Principles of DS-CDMA 21
2.1.2 Spreading Code and Spreading Code Synchronization 24
2.1.3 Configuration of Radio Transmitter and Receiver 26
2.1.4 Application of DS-CDMA to Cellular Systems 27
2.2 Basic W-CDMA Transmission Technologies 28
2.2.1 Two-Layer Spreading Code Assignment and Spreading Modulation 28
2.2.2 Cell Search 31
2.2.3 Random Access 41
2.2.4 Technologies that Satisfy Various Quality Requirements in Multirate
Transmissions 42
2.2.5 Diversity 49
2.3 Link Capacity Expansion Technologies in W-CDMA 66
2.3.1 Interference Canceller 66
2.3.2 Adaptive Antenna Array Diversity 71
References 77
3 Radio System 81
Seizo Onoe, Takehiro Nakamura, Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Koji Ohno,
Yoshiyuki Yasuda, Nobuhiro Ohta, Yoshio Ebine, Atsushi Murase and Akihiro Hata
3.1 Radio System Requirements and Design Objectives 81
3.2 W-CDMA and System Architecture 82
3.2.1 Characteristics of W-CDMA 82
3.2.2 Basic Specifications of W-CDMA 84
3.2.3 Architecture of Radio Access Network 85
3.2.4 Key W-CDMA Technologies 87
3.2.5 Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) 92
3.3 Radio Access Interface Standard 92
3.3.1 Physical Layer 92
3.3.2 Media Access Control (MAC) Sublayer 126
3.3.3 Radio Link Control (RLC) Sublayer 131
3.3.4 Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) Sublayer 142
3.3.5 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 145
3.3.6 Control Sequence 159
3.4 Radio System Design 169
3.4.1 W-CDMA Radio System Design 169
3.4.2 Concept of W-CDMA Capacity 170
3.4.3 Radio Link Design 175
3.4.4 Cell/Sector Configuration 180
3.5 Radio Access Network Equipment 182
3.5.1 Overview of System Configuration of Radio Access Equipment 182
3.5.2 BTS 183
3.5.3 RNC 187
3.5.4 MPE 188
3.5.5 BS Antenna 189
3.6 Mobile Terminals 194
3.6.1 Implementation of Mobile Terminals 194
3.6.2 Radio Access Specifications and Hardware Configuration Technologies 195
3.6.3 UIM 202
3.6.4 Terminal Display Technologies 204
3.6.5 External Interface 206
3.6.6 Future Prospects of Mobile Terminals 210
References 211
4 Network Technologies 215
Makoto Furukawa, Hiroshi Kawakami, Mutsumaru Miki, Daisuke Igarashi,
Yukichi Saito, Toyota Nishi, Mayuko Shimokawa, Katsumi Kobayashi,
Yasuhiko Kokubun and Masayuki Nakanishi
4.1 Overview 215
4.2 ATM Technology 217
4.2.1 Switching Scheme for Multimedia Communications 217
4.2.2 Basic Configuration of ATM 218
4.2.3 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) 219
4.2.4 Quality of Service (QoS) and ATM Traffic Management 221
4.3 Network Control and Signaling Scheme 224
4.3.1 CN Signaling Systems in IMT-2000 224
4.3.2 Control Scheme 227
4.4 Packet Communication Scheme 245
4.4.1 Overview of Mobile Packet Communications 245
4.4.2 Service Target 246
4.4.3 Network Architecture 246
4.4.4 Mobile Packet Communications Technologies 247
4.4.5 Connection Scheme 250
4.5 Intelligent Network (IN) Scheme 254
4.5.1 Overview of IN Scheme 254
4.5.2 Comparison with Conventional Systems 255
4.5.3 Merits of the IN Scheme 258
4.5.4 Standardization Trends 258
4.5.5 Future Prospects 259
4.6 Short Message Scheme 259
4.6.1 Overview of Scheme 259
4.6.2 Network Configuration 261
4.6.3 Routing Scheme 261
4.6.4 Main Extended Functions of SMS 261
4.6.5 Example of SMS Applications 264
4.7 Gateway Scheme 265
4.7.1 Protocol Conversion Gateway 266
4.7.2 TCP Gateway 267
4.7.3 Tunneling Gateway 269
4.7.4 Multimedia Service Platform 270
References 274
5 Operation System 277
Masafumi Onuki, Nobutaka Nakamura, Haruo Mizumoto, Takeshi Yamashita,
Kazuhiko Hara and Kazuaki Terunuma
5.1 Overview 277
5.1.1 Positioning of OpS 277
5.1.2 System Configuration 280
5.2 Network Monitoring 283
5.2.1 Configuration of Network Monitoring Functions 283
5.2.2 Characteristics of Network Monitoring 284
5.2.3 Building a Network Monitoring System 287
5.3 Network Control 289
5.3.1 Positioning of Network Control System 291
5.3.2 Coordination between Systems in Different Types of Networks 292
5.3.3 Network Control Functions 294
5.3.4 Congestion Control During Packet Communications 295
5.3.5 Achieving High-Speed Restriction Process 295
5.4 NE Monitoring 296
5.4.1 NEs in a Multivendor Environment 296
5.4.2 NE Monitoring Functions 297
5.4.3 Development of Element Operations 299
5.5 Network Element Management 301
5.5.1 Network Element Management 301
5.5.2 Network Quality Management 302
5.5.3 Remote File Updating 304
References 305
6 Multimedia Processing Scheme 307
Minoru Eto, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Tomoyuki Oya, Toshiro Kawahara,
Hiroshi Uehara, Teruhiro Kubota, Masayuki Tsuda, Seishi Tsukada, Wataru Takita,
Kimihiko Sekino and Nobuyuki Miura
6.1 Overview 307
6.2 Multimedia Signal Processing Scheme 308
6.2.1 Image Processing 308
6.2.2 Speech and Audio Processing 313
6.2.3 Multimedia Signal Processing Methods 320
6.3 Mobile Information Service Provision Methods 325
6.3.1 Mobile ISP Services 325
6.3.2 Multimedia Information Distribution Methods 329
6.3.3 Contents Markup Languages 333
6.3.4 Mobile Internet Standardization (WAP) 338
6.4 Multimedia Messaging Methods 342
6.4.1 Overview 342
6.4.2 Trends of Standardization 343
6.4.3 Conceptual Model 343
6.4.4 Implementation Model 344
6.4.5 Push Technology 345
6.5 Location Information Processing Methods 345
6.5.1 Location Information Use Overview 346
6.5.2 Structure of the Location Information Processing System 347
6.5.3 Transmission System Outside the Mobile Communications Network 348
6.5.4 Location Information Distribution Methods 349
6.5.5 Location Information Distribution Platform 350
6.6 Mobile Electronic Authentication Methods 356
6.6.1 Electronic Authentication 356
6.6.2 WAP Authentication Model 357
6.6.3 Electronic Certificate for Mobile Communications 359
6.6.4 Transport Layer Security (TLS) 359
6.6.5 Short-Lived Certificate 360
6.6.6 Future Challenges 361
References 361
7 Future Prospects 365
Yoshiyuki Yasuda, Takchiro Nakamura, Shinji Uebayashi, Hiroshi Fujiya and
Tomoyuki Oya
7.1 Overview 365
7.2 Prospects of Radio Technologies 366
7.2.1 TDD Scheme 366
7.2.2 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSPDA) 368
7.3 Prospects of Network Technologies 370
7.3.1 IP Packet Communications in Mobile Communication Networks 370
7.3.2 Technology Trends in IP Networks 371
7.3.3 All IP Network Configuration and Deployment 373
7.4 Prospects of Signal Processing Technologies 374
7.4.1 Tandem Connection Avoidance Technologies 374
7.4.2 Adaptive MultiRate-WideBand (AMR-WB) 376
7.4.3 Packet-Transmitted Multimedia 377
References 378
Appendix–Interface Specifications 381
Index 409

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ATM Technology for Broadband Telecommunications Networks

by Abhijit S. Pandya; Ercan Sen
CRC Press, CRC Press LLC
ISBN: 0849331390 Pub Date: 11/01/98
Preface
About the Authors
Chapter 1—Introduction
I. Outline of the Book
II. Characterization of Broadband Telecommunications Market
A. Scale of Investment
B. Scale of Market Size and Reward
C. Regulatory Conditions
D. Customer Driven Factors
E. Market Trends
F. Influence of Computing on the Telecommunications Market
III. Market Analysis for ATM Technology
A. Residential Market
B. Business Market
C. Bandwidth Cost Trend
D. Market Opportunities
Chapter 2—Basic ATM Concepts
I. ATM Overview
II. Basic Definitions for ATM Concepts
A. Virtual Path and Virtual Circuit Concepts
B. Interfaces
III. ATM Cell Structure
IV. Signaling in ATM Networks
A. Introduction
B. Signaling Mechanisms
C. ATM Addressing
V. ATM Switching Concepts
VI. Routing Cells in ATM Networks
VII. Call Setup
Chapter 3—Services Offered through ATM Networks
I. Internet Service
II. Video on Demand
III. Video Telephony
IV. Distant Learning/Medicine
V. Telecommuting
Chapter 4—Integration of Various Access Node Technologies into ATM
Networks
I. Wireless Networks
II. Public Telephone Service Networks
III. Data Networks
IV. Cable-TV Networks
V. Integration of Various Transport Technologies
Chapter 5—ATM Protocols
I. ATM Protocol Stack
II. The Physical Layer
A. PMD Sub-layer
B. ATM Transmission Convergence (TC) Layer
III. The ATM Layer
A. ATM Layer Functions
B. ATM Cell Types
IV. ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)
A. AAL Structure
B. Classification Based on AAL Service Attributes
C. ATM Adaptation Layer Functions
Chapter 6—Bandwidth Allocation in ATM Networks
I. Variable Bandwidth Allocation
II. Virtual Path and Virtual Channel Concepts
III. Constant Bit Rate
IV. Variable Bit Rate
V. Unspecified Bit Rate
VI. Available Bit Rate
Chapter 7—Switching Architectures for ATM Networks
I. Buffering Models for ATM Switching Networks
A. Input Buffering
B. Output Buffering
C. Central Buffering
II. Routing Models for ATM Switching Networks
III. Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs) for ATM Switching Networks
A. Nonblocking MINs
B. Blocking MINs
IV. Buffer Management
V. Broadcast and Multicast Requirements for ATM Switching Networks
VI. ATM Switch Architectures
Chapter 8—ATM Traffic Management: Traffic Enforcement and Traffic
Shaping
I. The Traffic Contract
II. Basic Quality of Service (QoS) Parameters
III. Connection Admission Control
IV. Usage/Network Parameter Control (UPC/ NPC)
V. ATM Service Categories
VI. Traffic Shaping
VII. Flow Control and Congestion Control
Chapter 9—ATM Interworking Standards
I. LAN Emulation
A. LANE Architecture
B. LANE Components
C. LAN Emulation User to Network Interface (LUNI)
D. LANE Connections
E. Basic Operations Flow for LEC
F. LANE Connection Management
II. Classical IP and ARP over ATM
A. LIS Configuration and Operation
III. Multi-Protocol over ATM (MPOA)
A. MPOA Architecture
B. MPOA Operations
IV. Voice and Telephony over ATM (VTOA)
A. Service Types
1. Structured CES
2. Unstructured CES
B. AAL1 Structure
C. Timing
D. ATM Trunking for Narrowband Telephony Services
E. VTOA to the Desktop
Chapter 10—ATM Traffic Simulation
I. Queuing Model for the ATM Traffic Simulation
II. ATM Traffic Model
III. Validation of Simulation Results
IV. Simulation Results
Chapter 11—Ongoing ATM Standardization Activities
I. Current Standards
A. ITU-T Recommendations for ATM
B. ATM Forum Specifications
C. IETF’s ATM-Related RFC Standards
D. ANSI T1 Committee Specifications for ATM
E. Frame Relay Forum Specifications for ATM
II. Ongoing ATM Standardization Activities
A. Current Standardization Activities in ITU-T
B. Current Standardization Activities in ATM Forum (as of February 1998)
C. IETF’s Current Standardization Activities
References
Glossary
Index


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Signaling in Telecommunication Networks

CONTENTS
Preface xiii
1 Introduction to Telecommunications 1
1.1 Telecommunication Networks / 1
1.2 Numbering Plans / 8
1.3 Digit Analysis and Routing / 12
1.4 Analog Transmission 16
1.5 Digital Transmission / 22
1.6 Special Transmission Equipment / 26
1.7 Exchanges / 32
1.8 Acronyms / 36
1.9 References / 37

2 Introduction to Signaling
2.1 Overview / 38
2.2 Standards for Signaling Systems / 43
2.3 Acronyms / 45
2.4 References / 45

3 Subscriber Signaling 47
3.1 Basic Subscriber Signaling / 47
3.2 Signaling Components in Telephones / 49
3.3. Signaling Equipment at the Local Exchange / 52
3.4 Tones, Announcements, and Ringing / 56
3.5 Subscriber Signaling for Supplementary Services / 59
3.6 Other Applications of DTMF Signaling / 62
3.7 Dialing Plans / 63
3.8 Acronyms / 65
3.9 References / 66

4 Channel-associated Interexchange Signaling
4.1 Introduction / 68
4.2 Bell System Multi-frequency Signaling / 73
4.3 CCITT No.5 Signaling / 84
4.4 R2 Signaling / 90
4.5 Acronyms / 107
4.6 References / 108

5 Introduction to Common-channel Signaling
5.1 Signaling Networks / 110
5.2 Signaling Links and Signal Units / 117
5.3 Acronyms / 124
5.4 References / 124

6 Signaling System No.6
6.1 Signaling links / 127
6.2 Messages, Labels, and Routing / 131
6.3 CCITT No.6 Call Control / 134
6.4 CCIS Call Control / 142
6.5 CCIS Direct Signaling / 145
6.6 Acronyms / 147
6.7 References / 149
7 Introduction to Signaling System No.7
7.1 SS7 Structure / 151
7.2 Identification of Signaling Points and Trunks / 154
7.3 SS7 Signal Units and Primitives / 155
7.4 Acronyms / 158
7.5 References / 159


8 SS7 Message Transfer Part
8.1 Introduction to MTP / 160
8.2 MTP Level 1 / 162
8.3 Overview of MTP Level 2 / 163
8.4 Basic Error Correction / 168
8.5 Preventive Cyclic Retransmission / 172
8.6 Signaling Link Management / 173
8.7 Overview of MTP Level 3 / 176
8.8 MTP3 Signaling Message Handling / 177
8.9 MTP3 Signaling Network Management / 184
8.10 Acronyms / 192
8.11 References / 194

9 Telephone User Part
9.1 Messages and Primitives / 196
9.2 Call-control Messages and Signals / 197
9.3 Basic Signaling Sequences / 205
9.4 TUP Support of Additional Services / 210
9.5 Other TUP Procedures, Messages, and Signals / 215
9.6 Versions of TUP Signaling / 219
9.7 Acronyms / 221
9.8 References / 223

10 Digital Subscriber Signaling
10.1 Introduction to ISDN and DSSl / 224
10.2 Data Link Layer (LAPD) / 230
10.3 Q.931 Call-control Messages / 240
10.4 Introduction to Call-control Signaling / 252
10.5 Call-control Examples / 258
10.6 Failed ISDN Set-ups / 261
10.7 Acronyms / 266
10.8 References / 268

11 ISDN User Part
Introduction / 269
ISUP Messages, Formats, and Parameters / 271
Signaling for Calls Between ISDN Users / 286
Calls Involving Analog Subscribers / 293
End-to-end Signaling / 296
Other Signaling Procedures / 300
Signaling Procedures for Failed Set-ups / 306
ISUP Signaling in the International Network / 308
ISUP Signaling in the U.S. / 310
11.10 Acronyms / 313
11.11 References / 315

12 Signaling in Cellular Mobile Telecommunications
12.1 Introduction to Cellular Mobile Systems / 317
12.2 AMPS Tone Signals and Message Words / 326
12.3 Introduction to AMPS Signaling / 328
12.4 AMPS Message Formats and Parameters / 333
12.5 AMPS Signaling Procedures / 343
12.6 Signaling in IS-54 Cellular Systems / 347
12.7 Introduction to the GMS Cellular System / 355
Signaling Between Mobile and Network / 363
Layer 3 Messages on the Urn Interface / 370
Acronyms / 375
References / 378

13 Introduction to Transactions
13.1 Definitions and Applications / 380
13.2 SS7 Architecture for Transactions / 381
13.3 Acronyms / 383
13.4 References / 384
14 Signaling Connection Control Part 385
14.1 Introduction / 385
14.2 SCCP Messages and Parameters / 388
14.3 Connectionless SCCP / 395
14.4 Connection-oriented SCCP / 403
14.5 SCCP Management / 409
14.6 Acronyms / 414
14.7 References / 415

15 Transaction Capabilities Application Part
15.1 Introduction / 417
15.2 TCAP Information Elements / 421
15.3 TCAP Formats and Coding / 424
15.4 Transaction and Invoke Identities / 429
15.5 U.S. National TCAP / 431
15.6 Acronyms / 434
15.7 References / 435

16 Transactions in Intelligent Networks
16.1 Introduction to Intelligent Networks / 436
16,2 Call Models and Triggers / 440
16.3 AIN Messages and Transactions / 447
16.4 AIN 0.1 Parameters / 453
16.5 Coding of Data Elements / 461
16.6 Messages and Parameters / 462
16.7 AIN Services / 470
16.8 Acronyms / 475
16.9 References / 476

17 Mobile Application Part 478
17.1 Introduction to IS-MAP / 479
17.2 Transactions for Registration and Authentication / 483
17.3 Calls to Mobile Stations / 490
17.4 Operations for Inter-system Handoff / 495
17.5 IS-MAP Formats and Codes / 500
17.6 Introduction to GSM-MAP / 508
17.7 Operations Related to Location Updating / 515
17.8 Operations for Calls Terminating at MS / 523
17.9 Operations and Procedures for Originating Calls / 528
17.10 Acronyms / 529
17.11 References / 531
index 533

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