Beyond Dutch Borders Transnational Politics among Colonial Migrants, Guest Workers and the Second Generation

Contents
Tables 9
Figures 11
Abbreviations 13
Acknowledgements 19
1 Introduction 21
Transnationalism in migration studies 22
The emergence and evolution of transnational politics 29
Transnational actors, activities and ties 33
Surinamese, Turkish and Kurdish migrants in the Netherlands 41
2 Individual transnationalists 47
Respondents’ backgrounds 47
Interest in Dutch and homeland politics 49
Societal participation 55
Electoral sympathies 64
From mother to daughter, father to son? 76
Opportunities in the Netherlands 79
Conclusion 81
3 Migrant organisations and transnational politics 83
Civil society, networks and political participation 83
Surinamese organisational networks in the Netherlands 88
Turkish and Kurdish organisational networks in the Netherlands 104
Conclusion 121
4 Surinam: Student activism to transnational party politics 125
Political history 125
Returnees 133
Military rule 136
Post-colonial democracy 139
Conclusion 146
5 Turkey: Labour migration to transnational party politics 149
The political landscape 149
Transnational party politics 155Diş Türkler (‘Turks abroad’) 172
Turkish-Dutch politicians 176
Conclusion 178
6 Kurdish diaspora politics 181
The rise of Kurdish nationalism 181
Illegal Kurdish parties 183
Pro-Kurdish and Kurdish parties 184
PKK mobilisation in Europe 186
Kurdish parties in the Netherlands 190
Conclusion 191
7 Conclusion: Looking both ways 193
Surinamese 194
Turks 195
Kurds 196
Explaining transnational politics 197
Appendices 203
Appendix A: Methodology 203
Appendix B: Surinamese political parties 211
Appendix C: Family trees of Turkish and Kurdish
political parties, 1920s-2005 213
Notes 215
References 225
Index 247


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