Contents
Preface to the Third Edition vii
Preface to the Second Edition xi
Preface to the First Edition xv
Introduction 1
1 Basic Techniques 15
1.1 Intuitive Compression 15
1.2 Run-Length Encoding 20
1.3 RLE Text Compression 21
1.4 RLE Image Compression 25
1.5 Move-to-Front Coding 35
1.6 Scalar Quantization 39
2 Statistical Methods 43
2.1 Information Theory Concepts 44
2.2 Variable-Size Codes 50
2.3 Prefix Codes 51
2.4 The Golomb Code 57
2.5 The Kraft-MacMillan Inequality 65
2.6 The Counting Argument 66
2.7 Shannon-Fano Coding 66
2.8 Huffman Coding 68
2.9 Adaptive Huffman Coding 84
2.10 MNP5 90
2.11 MNP7 95
2.12 Reliability 96
2.13 Facsimile Compression 99
2.14 Arithmetic Coding 106
2.15 Adaptive Arithmetic Coding 120
2.16 The QM Coder 124
2.17 Text Compression 133
2.18 PPM 134
2.19 Context-Tree Weighting 156
3 Dictionary Methods 165
3.1 String Compression 167
3.2 Simple Dictionary Compression 168
3.3 LZ77 (Sliding Window) 169
3.4 LZSS 173
3.5 Repetition Times 176
3.6 QIC-122 178
3.7 LZX 180
3.8 File Differencing: VCDIFF 183
3.9 LZ78 185
3.10 LZFG 188
3.11 LZRW1 191
3.12 LZRW4 194
3.13 LZW 195
3.14 LZMW 206
3.15 LZAP 208
3.16 LZY 209
3.17 LZP 211
3.18 Repetition Finder 218
3.19 UNIX Compression 221
3.20 GIF Images 222
3.21 The V.42bis Protocol 223
3.22 Various LZ Applications 223
3.23 Deflate: Zip and Gzip 224
3.24 PNG 236
3.25 XML Compression: XMill 240
3.26 EXE Compressors 242
3.27 CRC 243
3.28 Summary 246
3.29 Data Compression Patents 246
3.30 A Unification 248
4 Image Compression 251
4.1 Introduction 253
4.2 Approaches to Image Compression 259
4.3 Intuitive Methods 273
4.4 Image Transforms 274
4.5 Orthogonal Transforms 279
4.6 The Discrete Cosine Transform 289
4.7 Test Images 325
4.8 JPEG 329
4.9 JPEG-LS 346
4.10 Progressive Image Compression 352
4.11 JBIG 360
4.12 JBIG2 369
4.13 Simple Images: EIDAC 380
4.14 Vector Quantization 382
4.15 Adaptive Vector Quantization 390
4.16 Block Matching 395
4.17 Block Truncation Coding 399
4.18 Context-Based Methods 405
4.19 FELICS 408
4.20 Progressive FELICS 411
4.21 MLP 415
4.22 Adaptive Golomb 423
4.23 PPPM 424
4.24 CALIC 426
4.25 Differential Lossless Compression 429
4.26 DPCM 431
4.27 Context-Tree Weighting 436
4.28 Block Decomposition 437
4.29 Binary Tree Predictive Coding 441
4.30 Quadtrees 448
4.31 Quadrisection 465
4.32 Space-Filling Curves 473
4.33 Hilbert Scan and VQ 474
4.34 Finite Automata Methods 477
4.35 Iterated Function Systems 494
4.36 Cell Encoding 511
5 Wavelet Methods 513
5.1 Fourier Transform 513
5.2 The Frequency Domain 514
5.3 The Uncertainty Principle 518
5.4 Fourier Image Compression 521
5.5 The CWT and Its Inverse 524
5.6 The Haar Transform 530
5.7 Filter Banks 549
5.8 The DWT 559
5.9 Multiresolution Decomposition 572
5.10 Various Image Decompositions 573
5.11 The Lifting Scheme 580
5.12 The IWT 591
5.13 The Laplacian Pyramid 593
5.14 SPIHT 597
5.15 CREW 609
5.16 EZW 609
5.17 DjVu 613
5.18 WSQ, Fingerprint Compression 616
5.19 JPEG 2000 622
6 Video Compression 637
6.1 Analog Video 637
6.2 Composite and Components Video 643
6.3 Digital Video 645
6.4 Video Compression 649
6.5 MPEG 661
6.6 MPEG-4 683
6.7 H.261 688
7 Audio Compression 691
7.1 Sound 692
7.2 Digital Audio 695
7.3 The Human Auditory System 698
7.4 µ-Law and A-Law Companding 704
7.5 ADPCM Audio Compression 710
7.6 MLP Audio 712
7.7 Speech Compression 717
7.8 Shorten 725
7.9 MPEG-1 Audio Layers 729
8 Other Methods 755
8.1 The Burrows-Wheeler Method 756
8.2 Symbol Ranking 761
8.3 ACB 765
8.4 Sort-Based Context Similarity 772
8.5 Sparse Strings 777
8.6 Word-Based Text Compression 789
8.7 Textual Image Compression 793
8.8 Dynamic Markov Coding 799
8.9 FHM Curve Compression 808
8.10 Sequitur 811
8.11 Triangle Mesh Compression: Edgebreaker 816
8.12 SCSU: Unicode Compression 827
Bibliography 835
Glossary 855
Joining the Data Compression Community 877
Index 879
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