Programming C#

Preface............................................................................... 2
About This Book ............................................................. 2
How the Book Is Organized ............................................ 2
Who This Book Is For ..................................................... 5
C# Versus Visual Basic .NET ......................................... 5
C# Versus Java .............................................................. 5
C# versus C++................................................................ 5
Conventions Used in This Book...................................... 6
Support ........................................................................... 6
We’d Like to Hear from You............................................ 7
Acknowledgements......................................................... 7
Part I: The C# Language................................................... 8
Chapter 1. C# and the .NET Framework.......................... 8
The .NET Platform .......................................................... 8
The .NET Framework ..................................................... 9
Compilation and the MSIL .............................................. 10
The C# Language ........................................................... 11
Chapter 2. Getting Started:"Hello World"....................... 12
Classes, Objects, and Types .......................................... 12
Developing "Hello World"................................................ 17
Just In Time Compilation ................................................. 20
Using the Visual Studio .NET Debugger......................... 20
Chapter 3. C# Language Fundamentals ......................... 22
Types .............................................................................. 23
The Stack and the Heap ................................................... 24
Variables and Constants................................................. 26
WriteLine( ) ........................................................................ 26
Expressions .................................................................... 32
Whitespace ..................................................................... 32
Statements...................................................................... 33
Statement Blocks.............................................................. 36
All Operators Are Not Created Equal .............................. 37
Whitespace and Braces.................................................... 43
Operators........................................................................ 46
Short-Circuit Evaluation................................................... 51
Namespaces................................................................... 53
Preprocessor Directives.................................................. 54
Chapter 4. Classes and Objects ...................................... 57
Defining Classes............................................................. 58
Creating Objects ............................................................. 62
Using Static Members..................................................... 67
Static Methods to Access Static Fields .......................... 70
Destroying Objects ......................................................... 70
How Finalize Works .......................................................... 71
Passing Parameters ....................................................... 73
Overloading Methods and Constructors ......................... 77
Encapsulating Data with Properties ................................ 80
Readonly Fields .............................................................. 82
Chapter 5. Inheritance and Polymorphism..................... 83
Specialization and Generalization .................................. 84
About the Unified Modeling Language ........................... 84
Inheritance ...................................................................... 86
Polymorphism................................................................. 89
Abstract Classes............................................................. 94
The Root of all Classes: Object ...................................... 97
Boxing and Unboxing Types........................................... 99
Nesting Classes .............................................................. 101
Nesting Classes .............................................................. 102
Using the operator Keyword ........................................... 104
Supporting Other .NET Languages ................................ 105
Creating Useful Operators .............................................. 105
Logical Pairs ................................................................... 105
The Equals Operator ...................................................... 105
Conversion Operators..................................................... 106
Chapter 7. Structs............................................................. 111
Defining Structs .............................................................. 111
Creating Structs .............................................................. 113
Chapter 8. Interfaces ........................................................ 117
Mix Ins................................................................................ 117
Implementing an Interface .............................................. 117
Accessing Interface Methods.......................................... 127
Overriding Interface Implementations ............................. 133
Explicit Interface Implementation.................................... 136
Chapter 9. Arrays, Indexers, and Collections ................ 144
Arrays ............................................................................. 144
The foreach Statement ................................................... 148
Indexers .......................................................................... 160
Collection Interfaces ....................................................... 168
Array Lists ....................................................................... 172
Queues ........................................................................... 182
Stacks ............................................................................. 184
Dictionaries ..................................................................... 187
Load Factor ....................................................................... 188
Chapter 10. Strings and Regular Expressions............... 192
Strings............................................................................. 192
Delimiter Limitations ........................................................ 205
Regular Expressions....................................................... 205
Chapter 11. Handling Exceptions.................................... 214
Throwing and Catching Exceptions ................................ 215
Exception Objects ........................................................... 223
Custom Exceptions ......................................................... 225
Rethrowing Exceptions ................................................... 227
Chapter 12. Delegates and Events .................................. 230
Delegates........................................................................ 231
Events ............................................................................. 248
Chapter 13. Building Windows Applications.................. 256
Creating a Simple Windows Form .................................. 257
Creating a Windows Form Application............................ 268
It’s Turtles, All the Way Down.......................................... 274
XML Documentation Comments ..................................... 288
Chapter 14. Accessing Data with ADO.NET ................... 289
Relational Databases and SQL ...................................... 290
The ADO.Net Object Model ............................................ 293
Getting Started with ADO.NET ....................................... 294
Using ADO Managed Providers...................................... 297
Working with Data-Bound Controls................................. 300
Changing Database Records.......................................... 309
ADO.NET and XML ........................................................ 322
Chapter 15. ProgrammingWeb Applications with
Web Forms ........................................................................ 322
Understanding Web Forms............................................. 322
Creating a Web Form ..................................................... 325
Adding Controls .............................................................. 328
Data Binding ................................................................... 330
Responding to Postback Events ..................................... 337
ASP.NET and C# ............................................................ 339
Chapter 16. Programming Web Services........................ 339
SOAP, WSDL, and Discovery......................................... 339
Building a Web Service................................................... 340
WSDL and Namespaces ................................................... 342
Creating the Proxy .......................................................... 346
Part III: C# and the .NET CLR........................................... 349
Chapter 17. Assemblies and Versioning ........................ 349
PE Files .......................................................................... 349
Metadata ......................................................................... 349
Security Boundary .......................................................... 350
Versioning ....................................................................... 350
Manifests ........................................................................ 350
Multi-Module Assemblies ................................................ 352
Private Assemblies ......................................................... 359
Shared Assemblies ......................................................... 359
Public Key Encryption...................................................... 361
Chapter 18. Attributes and Reflection............................. 364
Attributes......................................................................... 364
Intrinsic Attributes ........................................................... 365
Custom Attributes ........................................................... 366
Reflection........................................................................ 370
Reflection Emit................................................................ 379
Chapter 19. Marshaling and Remoting ........................... 400
Application Domains ....................................................... 401
Context ........................................................................... 409
Remoting ........................................................................ 411
Chapter 20. Threads and Synchronization..................... 420
Threads........................................................................... 420
Synchronization .............................................................. 428
Race Conditions and Deadlocks..................................... 437
Chapter 21. Streams ......................................................... 438
Files and Directories ....................................................... 439
Reading and Writing Data............................................... 448
Asynchronous I/O ........................................................... 454
Network I/O..................................................................... 458
Web Streams .................................................................. 474
Serialization .................................................................... 476
Isolated Storage.............................................................. 484
Chapter 22. Programming .NET and COM...................... 486
Importing ActiveX Controls ............................................. 487
Importing COM Components .......................................... 494
Exporting .NET Components .......................................... 501
P/Invoke.......................................................................... 503
Pointers........................................................................... 505
Appendix A. C# Keywords ............................................... 509


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