Fundamentals of Database Systems 3rd Edition

Contents of This Edition
(Fundamentals of Database Systems, Third Edition)

Part 1 describes the basic concepts necessary for a good understanding of database design and implementation, as well as the conceptual modeling techniques used in database systems. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 introduce databases, their typical users, and DBMS concepts, terminology, and architecture. In Chapter 3, the concepts of the Entity-Relationship (ER) model and ER diagrams are presented and used to illustrate conceptual database design. Chapter 4 focuses on data abstraction and semantic data modeling concepts, and extends the ER model to incorporate these ideas, leading to the enhanced-ER (EER) data model and EER diagrams. The concepts presented include subclasses, specialization, generalization, and union types (categories). The notation for the class diagrams of
UML are also introduced. These are similar to EER diagrams and are used increasingly in conceptual object modeling. Part 1 concludes with a description of the physical file structures and access methods used in database systems. Chapter 5 describes the primary methods of organizing files of records on disk, including static and dynamic hashing. Chapter 6 describes indexing techniques for files, including B-tree and B+-tree data structures and grid files.

Part 2 describes the relational data model and relational DBMSs. Chapter 7 describes the basic relational model, its integrity constraints and update operations, and the operations of the relational algebra. Chapter 8 gives a detailed overview of the SQL language, covering the SQL2 standard, which is implemented in most relational systems. Chapter 9 begins with two sections that describe relational schema design, starting from a conceptual database design in an ER or EER model, and concludes with three sections introducing the formal relational calculus languages and an overview of the QBE language. Chapter 10 presents overviews of the Oracle and Microsoft Access database systems as examples of popular commercial relational database management systems.


Part 3 gives a comprehensive introduction to object databases and object-relational systems. Chapter 11 introduces object-oriented concepts and how they apply to object databases. Chapter 12 gives a detailed overview of the ODMG object model and its associated ODL and OQL languages, and gives examples of two commercial object DBMSs. Chapter 13 describes how relational databases are being extended to include object-oriented concepts and presents the features of two object-relational systems—Informix
Universal Server and ORACLE 8, as well as giving an overview of some of the features of the proposed SQL3 standard, and the nested relational data model.

Part 4 covers several topics related to database design. Chapter 14 and Chapter 15 cover the formalisms, theory, and algorithms developed for relational database design by normalization. This material includes functional and other types of dependencies and normal forms for relations. Step by step intuitive normalization is presented in Chapter 14, and relational design algorithms are given in Chapter 15, which also defines other types of dependencies, such as multivalued and join dependencies. Chapter 16 presents an overview of the different phases of the database design process
for medium-sized and large applications, and it also discusses physical database design issues and includes a discussion on database tuning.

Part 5 discusses the techniques used in implementing database management systems. Chapter 17 introduces DBMS system architectures, including centralized and client-server architectures, then describes the system catalog, which is a vital part of any DBMS. Chapter 18 presents the techniques used for processing and optimizing queries specified in a high-level database language—such as SQL—and discusses various algorithms for implementing relational database operations. A section on query optimization in ORACLE has been added. Chapter 19, Chapter 20 and Chapter 21 discuss
transaction processing, concurrency control, and recovery techniques—this material has been revised to include discussions of how these concepts are realized in SQL. Chapter 22 discusses database security and authorization techniques.

Part 6 covers a number of advanced topics. Chapter 23 gives detailed introductions to the concepts of active and temporal databases—which are increasingly being incorporated into database applications—and also gives an overview of spatial and multimedia database concepts. Chapter 24 discusses distributed databases, issues for design, query and transaction processing with data distribution, and the different types of client-server architectures. Chapter 25 introduces the concepts of deductive database systems and surveys a few implementations. Chapter 26 discusses the new technologies of data warehousing and data mining for decision support applications. Chapter 27 surveys the new trends in database technology including Web, mobile and multimedia databases and overviews impotant emerging applications of databases: geographic information systems (GIS), human genome databases, and digital libraries.

Appendix A gives a number of alternative diagrammatic notations for displaying a conceptual ER or EER schema. These may be substituted for the notation we use, if the instructor so wishes. Appendix B gives some impotant physical parameters of disks. Appendix C and Appendix D cover legacy database systems, based on the network and hierarchical database models. These have been used for over 30
years as a basis for many existing commercial database applications and transaction-processing systems and will take decades to replace completely. We consider it impotant to expose students of database management to these long-standing approaches. Full chapters from the second edition can be found at the Website for this edition.

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