Contents
List of Illustrations page xv
List of Tables xxi
Preface xxiii
Overview xxiii
Justification xxv
Acknowledgments xxvii
Part I – Fundamentals 1
1 Looking for Social Structure 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Sociometry and Sociogram 3
1.3 Exploratory Social Network Analysis 5
1.3.1 Network Definition 6
1.3.2 Manipulation 10
1.3.3 Calculation 12
1.3.4 Visualization 14
1.4 Assembling a Social Network 21
1.5 Summary 24
1.6 Questions 25
1.7 Assignment 26
1.8 Further Reading 26
1.9 Answers 26
2 Attributes and Relations 29
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Example: The World System 29
2.3 Partitions 31
2.4 Reduction of a Network 36
2.4.1 Local View 36
2.4.2 Global View 39
2.4.3 Contextual View 41
2.5 Vectors and Coordinates 43
2.6 Network Analysis and Statistics 48
2.7 Summary 51
2.8 Questions 52
2.9 Assignment 53
2.10 Further Reading 53
2.11 Answers 54
Part II – Cohesion 59
3 Cohesive Subgroups 61
3.1 Introduction 61
3.2 Example 61
3.3 Density and Degree 62
3.4 Components 66
3.5 Cores 70
3.6 Cliques and Complete Subnetworks 73
3.7 Summary 77
3.8 Questions 79
3.9 Assignment 81
3.10 Further Reading 82
3.11 Answers 82
4 Sentiments and Friendship 84
4.1 Introduction 84
4.2 Balance Theory 84
4.3 Example 87
4.4 Detecting Structural Balance and Clusterability 88
4.5 Development in Time 92
4.6 Summary 95
4.7 Questions 96
4.8 Assignment 97
4.9 Further Reading 98
4.10 Answers 98
5 Affiliations 101
5.1 Introduction 101
5.2 Example 102
5.3 Two-Mode and One-Mode Networks 103
5.4 m-Slices 109
5.5 The Third Dimension 113
5.6 Summary 116
5.7 Questions 117
5.8 Assignment 118
5.9 Further Reading 118
5.10 Answers 119
Part III – Brokerage 121
6 Center and Periphery 123
6.1 Introduction 123
6.2 Example 123
6.3 Distance 125
6.4 Betweenness 131
6.5 Summary 133
6.6 Questions 134
6.7 Assignment 134
6.8 Further Reading 135
6.9 Answers 135
7 Brokers and Bridges 138
7.1 Introduction 138
7.2 Example 138
7.3 Bridges and Bi-Components 140
7.4 Ego-Networks and Constraint 144
7.5 Affiliations and Brokerage Roles 150
7.6 Summary 154
7.7 Questions 155
7.8 Assignment 156
7.9 Further Reading 157
7.10 Answers 158
8 Diffusion 161
8.1 Example 161
8.2 Contagion 163
8.3 Exposure and Thresholds 167
8.4 Critical Mass 173
8.5 Summary 178
8.6 Questions 179
8.7 Assignment 180
8.8 Further Reading 181
8.9 Answers 181
Part IV – Ranking 185
9 Prestige 187
9.1 Introduction 187
9.2 Example 188
9.3 Popularity and Indegree 189
9.4 Correlation 191
9.5 Domains 193
9.6 Proximity Prestige 196
9.7 Summary 198
9.8 Questions 199
9.9 Assignment 200
9.10 Further Reading 201
9.11 Answers 202
10 Ranking 204
10.1 Introduction 204
10.2 Example 205
10.3 Triadic Analysis 205
10.4 Acyclic Networks 212
10.5 Symmetric-Acyclic Decomposition 214
10.6 Summary 219
10.7 Questions 220
10.8 Assignment 222
10.9 Further Reading 222
10.10 Answers 223
11 Genealogies and Citations 226
11.1 Introduction 226
11.2 Example I: Genealogy of the Ragusan Nobility 226
11.3 Family Trees 227
11.4 Social Research on Genealogies 233
11.5 Example II: Citations among Papers on Network
Centrality 242
11.6 Citations 243
11.7 Summary 250
11.8 Questions 251
11.9 Assignment 1 252
11.10 Assignment 2 252
11.11 Further Reading 252
11.12 Answers 253
Part V – Roles 257
12 Blockmodels 259
12.1 Introduction 259
12.2 Matrices and Permutation 259
12.3 Roles and Positions: Equivalence 265
12.4 Blockmodeling 273
12.4.1 Blockmodel 273
12.4.2 Blockmodeling 274
12.4.3 Regular Equivalence 280
12.5 Summary 284
12.6 Questions 285
12.7 Assignment 287
12.8 Further Reading 288
12.9 Answers 288
Appendix 1 – Getting Started with Pajek 292
A1.1 Installation 292
A1.2 Network Data Formats 292
A1.3 Creating Network Files for Pajek 294
A1.3.1 Within Pajek 294
A1.3.2 Word Processor 295
A1.3.3 Relational Database 298
A1.4 Limitations 302
A1.5 Updates of Pajek 302
Appendix 2 – Exporting Visualizations 303
A2.1 Export Formats 303
A2.1.1 Bitmap 303
A2.1.2 Encapsulated PostScript 303
A2.1.3 Scalable Vector Graphics 305
A2.1.4 Virtual Reality Modeling Language 306
A2.1.5 MDL MOL and Kinemages 307
A2.2 Layout Options 308
A2.2.1 Top Frame on the Left – EPS/SVG Vertex
Default 309
A2.2.2 Bottom Frame on the Left – EPS/SVG Line
Default 310
A2.2.3 Top Frame on the Right 311
A2.2.4 Middle Frame on the Right 312
A2.2.5 Bottom Frame on the Right – SVG Default 312
Appendix 3 – Shortcut Key Combinations 314
Main Screen 314
Hierarchy Edit Screen 314
Draw Screen 315
Glossary 317
Index of Pajek Commands 327
Subject Index 330
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